186 F. 21 | 9th Cir. | 1911
Appellant Harry G. King purchased in September; 1907, from one F. M. Pollard a coal mine comprising 480 acres of land, at a price of $30,000, situated from two to three miles from Salmon City, in Idaho. The defendant Richards was at the time living in Salmon City, and an intimate friend and acquaintance of King. At the suggestion of King, they visited the mine and inspected the tunnel and room in which Pollard had been extracting coal, known as the “Pollard Workings.” Richards became fairly familiar with' the conditions of the mine, but without making any scientific investigation of the quality of the coal' found therein. Then and thereafter they discussed with each other the possibility of selling the mine, King, wanting Richards to sell it for him. Tentatively they fixed the selling price at $75,000, and Richards was to receive $25,000' for his services. No definite agreement was arrived at, however, until Richards had gone to Winfield, Kan., when the parties entered into a written contract' whereby King gave to Richards an option to purchase the mine, including the lands, at the price of $80,000; it being understood between them, aside from the agreement, that, if Richards succeeded in making a sale at that figure, he should receive $30,000 as his compensation. A correspondence continued between them, Richards siiggesting and insisting that they would be more successful in the. end if' he would sell a one-half interest only at first, and later the balance, and, further, he was of the opinion he could do better if he himself would pretend to take an interest while negotiating the sale.'' Such was clearly the idea and purpose of Richards in pursuing his endeavor to dispose of the mine. In evidence of this he wrote to King January 23,. 1908:
“Am offering one. half interest and supposed to he taking care of the other half with you. Of course, I must be supposed to be putting in some money myself.” ,
Again on March 12, 1908, he wrote:
“Of course, I- -am selling only a one half; but I desire to represent that I am investing:-somedoo so that a contract for the, whole is necessary.”
“I am trying on a basis of $40,000 for the % interest representing that I am buying the which we can fix up ail right between ns.”
' Richards personally had some acquaintance with Lamborn, meeting him while traveling. They became quite friendly, and discussed somewhat possible investments if opportunity should arise. After procuring the contract from King, Richards went to New York, the home of Lamborn, with a view of selling him an interest in the mine. Lam-born became favorably impressed with the project, and was induced to'malee a trip from New York to Salmon City for closing the negotiations. While in Ohio, either at Bethel or Cincinnati, and on his way to New York, Richards received a letter from King, telling him, among other things, that he had supplied about 2,000 tons of coal to the local market. The letter having been lost, the contents were testified to, but it was shown to Lamborn in New York, and during the time of Richards’ discussion with Lamborn respecting the sale to .him of an interest in the mine. Richards, at the request of Lamborn, telegraphed to King from New York for a statement from him respecting the tonnage of coal produced by King, to which he received King’s reply, “2,300 tons.” Lamborn testified relative to the' letter that it stated in a general way that the output had been 2,300 tons ■during the period from the previous September up to the time the let-er was written, namely, April or May. As to the telegram, he says the reply came back that the product was 2,300 tons: the same being received either the 10th, 11th, or 12th of June. Richards says the reason for Lamborn’s wanting the information was that “he was .considering becoming a partner with me in taking over this property.” Richards returned to Salmon City, and Lamborn came out later, arriving the latter part of July, 1908. Richards and Lamborn visited the mine three different times, but were unable to get far into it because of bad air. A new tunnel had been driven since the purchase by King from Pollard, and the Pollard entry was practically obstructed by a caving of the wall or ceiling, so that it could, not be 'conveniently entered. King, while he was working the mine, carried the old tunnel beyond the Pollard workings some distance, and the coal produced for the market previous to the negotiations with .Lamborn- was from the workings, which locality is subsequently spoken of as the “Old Room.” After differeiit conferences between King, Richards, and Lamborn, an agreement was arrived at for the sale by King to Lamborn and Richards of a three-fourths interest in the mine. This was later, on July 30, 1908, reduced to writing, and is in purport as follows: King agreed to convey the mine, including the 480 acres of land,- to the Idaho Coal & Land Company, Limited, a corporation to be subsequently organized, in consideration of which Richards and Lamborn agreed to pay King $7,500 in cash, the further sum of $22,500 on or before January 1, 1909, and Lam-born to execute to King in addition four promissory notes for $2,500 each, payable, respectively, January 1, 1910, 1911, 1912, and 1913, making a total consideration of $40,000. It was further agreed that when the corporation was formed, which was to be capitalized at
“That the said defendant stated and represented that the entire breast of what was known and designated as the ‘old rpoin’ in the workings and excavations on said property was clean coal, and did not require any sorting, and was the same strata as the upper strata then exposed at the breast of the new entry, when in truth and in fact at the time of making the above-mentioned statements and representations the said defendant Harry G. King knew the same, and each of them, to be false and untrue. * * * The defendant Harry G. King fraudulently and falsely stated and represented to your orators, and each of them, that during the 11 months immediately preceding the making of such contract, ‘Exhibit A,’ that the said defendant Harry G. King, in developing such property and in extracting coal therefrom, had mined 2,800 tons of coal from such property, and had sold that amount of coal to consumers residing in and around the said town of Salmon City, and that, had he (the said Harry G. King) not been prevented from soliciting orders personally by reason of his banking and other business, he could have mined therefrom and sold in said community 8,000 tons of coal •during such time. * * * The said defendant Harry G. King falsely and fraudulently stated that he had mined and sold from such premises during the time above mentioned 300 tons of coal to the Copper Queen mine, when, in truth and in fact, the said Harry G. King at the time of making such statements and representations knew the same to be false and untrue, and knew that the said defendant had not during the said time mined or extracted from the said premises or sold to consumers to exceed 700 tons of coal, and that the defendant during such time had not mined from said premises for or sold to the said Copper Queen mine to exceed 25 tons of coal. And your orators were greatly deceived and injured by such false a.nd"untrue statements; and the said premises and property are practically of no value whatever.”
The plaintiffs prevailed in the Circuit Court, and the defendants are Appellants herein. In support of the suit, the plaintiffs, appellees here, base their right of relief upon three specific representations alleged to have been made by King, claimed to be false and fraudulent within the knowledge of King, and made for the purpose of deceiving
“(1) That the entire breast of what was known as the ‘old room’ in the workings of the property included in such contract contained more than live feet of clean coal that would not require sorting.
“(2) That during the 11 months immediately preceding the making of such contract the appellant Harry G. King had extracted and sold from such, property more than 2,.‘>00 tons of coal to the people around Salmon Oity.
“‘(3) That during the same time he had also mined from such property aid sold to the Copper Queen mine 300 tons of coal.”
The appellants deny that the representations were made or that they were designed to mislead or deceive the appellees, or that they were so induced to enter into the agreement.
As it relates to all these specifications of misrepresentation and fraud, it is not at all probable that Richards was either deceived or misled by any of them to his injury in any respect, lie had been in the mine prior to any negotiations looking toward a sale, and had seen the Pollard workings, and was otherwise familiar with its product from whatsoever point it was obtained. But beyond this he and I'ing were on the most familiar terms, and he was King’s confidential agent in disposing of the mine. Their correspondence alone shows this, and the oral testimony adduced herein is strongly corroborative of the relationship. Indeed, it is satisfactorily shown in connection with the negotiations for this particular sale. Richards says in his letter from New York to King, while then trying to sell the property to Ramborn, “1 am * * * representing that I am buying the ■i,4th which we can fix up all right between us.” Six days later, to wit, on June 19, 1908, he, at the instance of Ramborn, telegraphed as: inquiry as to whether King would accept certain definite terms for a sale of a three-fourths interest in the mine, but on the next day wired to King suggesting the answer he should make to the telegram, io words as follows: “Impossible to accept terms, wish you would come on here.” King answered as suggested. Following this correspondence, Richards preceded Ramborn to Salmon City some time, and had ample opportunity to discuss .fully all the features of the proposed transaction before the latter arrived. If Richards was not in reality a party to all these alleged false representations, he was so intimately related to King that he can scarcely be heard to deny knowledge, or deny that they were made with his assent. Manifestly lie has not come into court with clean hands such as will entitle him to relief in equity. If there was intrigue attending the transaction, he was at least presumably a party to it.
We are to inquire, then, touching what misrepresentations were made by King, if any, and, if made, how they affected Ramborn. Mr. Ramborn testified concerning the particular specifications of misrepresentations as follows:
“Q. I wish you would state what he said relative to the production of the property for the previous 11 months, if anything.
"Witness: He reiterated the statement he had made to Mr. Richards in writing, and stated that he had produced and sold and delivered 2,300 tons and more in the city of Salmon, in addition to which he had produced, sold, ind delivered 300 tons to the Copper Queen mine, some 30 or 40 miles away,*26 and that- he h'ad-the anticipation of delivering a very much.larger quantity to «them, because they had shut down after using this quantity and expected to open up again.
“Mr. Richards: Q. What statement did he make relative to the workings that you- were not able to investigate because of the bad air and—
“A. X called Mr. King’s attention to the upper vein, and he told me that in the'old workings the quality of the coal was exactly like they were delivering in town, and that it didn’t need sorting. At that time they were not’delivering, but he said there was some in the bins, and we examined that." .
“Q. What did he say as to the face of the breast you couldn’t see being that kind of coal?
' “A.'He said’it was clean coal. He said the whole, breast was 5% feet of clean coal; he pointing out the faet that as we went into the tunnel the seams became wider and wider. He said that eventually would come out in the same way that they had in the old workings. * ,s *
“Q. What induced you, then, to enter into this contract?
“A. My confidence in Mr. King.
“Q. And upon that basis you made the contract?
“A. I did. * * *
“Q. Upon what percentage investment basis did Mr. King say that the property would páy, relative to the production he had stated to you?
“Witness:- When I came to Salmon, I specifically asked him to show me just, exactly what interest — not dividend, understand — but what interest on. the bonds this, would pay; and he figured out that on the 2,300 tons that it would pay $7,800 oh the total production that he had had; that 6 per cent, on the amount of bonds that we would issue to ourselves on this property would require $4,800, and the balance would go to working capital, developing the property, and getting it in a position so that, if a railroad ever came through there, we could mine it much faster than the consumption of Salmon, Idaho, would take.
“Q. And you invested your money and entered into a contract on that basis?
“A. I. did.”
The witness further stated that he became dissatisfied with the purchase because it subsequently developed that King had not produced by a very large margin the amount of coal from the mine that he represented he had, and this constituted his principal reason-for wanting' to rescind.
In operating the mine under Richards’ and Ramborn’s charge, it soon became appa'rent that the output of the mine was falling largely short of wliat it had been represented to yield in the previous yean, and yet the demand for the product in Salmon City was kept fully supplied. In reality it was found that the demand would, not warrant any greater output.
Ramborn’s testimony touching the alleged misrepresentations made by King is substantially corroborated by Richards, and, as to the principal, one is further substantiated by the alleged lost letter- and telegram tó Richards, both of which were shown Ramborn. The testimony of Richards and Miller, the latter of whom was the superintendent of the mine under King, show that King produced within the specified 11 months not to exceed 700 or 800 tons of coal, and had’shipped to the Copper Queen mine less than the alleged 300 tons. .King denies that he ever represented to Ramborn that the coal'did not need sorting; but it is significant that, while admitting practically that he made the reputed representation respecting the quantity of the coal produced, he was unable to show with any convincing detail
The principal question of legal import is whether the relief demanded can be administered without its being first established by the appellees that they have suffered some substantial injury in a pecuniary way. We may say before proceeding to an examination of the question and kindred subjects that, while it is clear that Richards ought not to recover, that fact ought not to militate against Lamborn’s obtaining relief, if otherwise entitled to it under the law. He was, so far as the facts go to show, the innocent party in the transaction, and he ought not to suffer because he was misled and overreadied by a fraudulent co-purchaser in whom he placed faith and reliance. As between Richards and King, the court will leave the parties where it found them.
In the case at bar it is clear that the means of knowledge for obtaining information touching the quality of the product of the mine, also as it respects the quantity of coal sold the previous 11 months and the extent of the market therefor within and about Salmon City were not at hand, and that complainants were without available opportunity to investigate for themselves. Furthermore, it does not appear that Lamborn attempted any independent investigation of his own. He could not investigate the old room of the mine because it was closed to entrance at the time, and he could not know how to direct inquiry to verify King’s statement as to the quantity of coal produced and the market for its sale.
“The general principles upon wliicli a suit of this kind proceeds are too well settled to need the citation of authorities. A misrepresentation with regard to material facts by which a purchase of property is intentionally induced amounts to a fraud which vitiates the transaction, and entitles the purchaser to be relieved. * * * Neither does it matter if misrepresentation be proved that the bargain, even so, was a good one, from which the purchaser is likely to sustain no loss. Tn an action of deceit, no doubt, this would be relevant on the question of damages in order to show that there were none; * * * but not so upon a bill to rescind. Hansen v. Allen, 117 Wis. 61, 93 N. W. 805: Clapp v. Greenlee, 100 Iowa, 586, 69 N. W. 1049. The purchaser is entitled to the bargain which he supposed and was led to believe that he was getting, and is not to be put off with any other, however good. It is of no consequence in the present instance, therefore, that the plaintiffs got coal lands of intrinsic value, which are worth perchance all that was paid for them, if they were fraudulently induced to believe by representations for which the defendants are responsible that the upper Freeport vein, for which they negotiated, underlaid the whole property, whereas, in fact, it extends over but a comparatively limited part.”
The principle is pointedly illustrated in Hansen v. Allen, the case cited by Judge Arc.hbald. The plaintiff was shown one piece of land, but purchased another, believing in reliance upon the representations of the agent of the vendor that he was purchasing the one shown him. In deciding the case, Cassoday, C. J., speaking for the court, said:
“It is claimed ihat even if the plaintiff was induced to make the contract, by such fraud, yet there is a failure on the part of the plaintiff to show that he was actually damaged by reason,of such fraud. It is enough to say that the plaintiff was entitled to have the particular piece of timbered land with a stream of water upon it -which had been pointed ont to him, and for which he had actually contracted, instead of a different piece of land situated at some other place.”
So it was directly held in MacLaren v. Cochran, 44 Minn. 255, 258. 46 N. W. 408, 409:
“If a party is induced to enter into a contract by fraudulent representations as to a fact which lie deems material, and upon whicli he has a right to rely, he may rescind the contract upon the discovery of the fraud, and the party in the wrong should not be heard to- say that no real injury can result from the fact misrepresented.”
To the same purpose, see Williams v. Kerr, 152 Pa. 560, 25 Atl. 618; Potter v. Taggart, 54 Wis. 395, 11 N. W. 678; Martin v. Hill, 41 Minn. 337, 43 N. W. 337; Harlow v. La Brum, 151 N. Y. 278, 45 N. E. 859; Wainscott v. Occidental Bldg. & Loan Ass’n, 98 Cal. 253, 33 Pac 88; 14 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law (2d Ed.) 140.
Authorities are cited, none from the federal courts, however, which are in apparent conflict with these. Among them are the following: American Bldg. & Hoan Ass’n, 48 Neb. 455, 67 N. W. 500; Jakway v. Proudfit, 76 Neb. 62, 106 N. W. 1039, 109 N. W. 388; Cochran v. Pascault, 54 Md. 1; Wenstrom Consolidated Dynamo & Motor Co. v. Purnell, 75 Md. 113, 23 Atl. 134; Bom v. Rosser, 131 Ala. 215, 31 South. 430. But they do not appeal to our judgment as founded upon the better reasoning or voicing the sounder rule.
The decree of the Circuit Court will be modified, awarding the relief prayed for as to Tamboril, but dismissing the complaint as to Richards, with costs in favór of the appellee Arthur H. Tambora and against the appellants.
