148 N.E. 293 | Ill. | 1925
[EDITORS' NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT AN OFFICIAL PRODUCT OF THE COURT, THEREFORE THEY ARE NOT DISPLAYED.] *563 Sarah A. Clarke, a widow seventy years of age, died at Chicago on January 25, 1922. She had been married three times. George A. Kimber, a son by her first marriage, was her only child and heir-at-law. On December 14, 1921, while temporarily residing at the home of Thomas G. Perkins and Nellie Perkins, his wife, in Chicago, she executed an instrument which purported to be her last will and testament. By this instrument she gave to her son a lot in Rosehill Cemetery; to Alfred C. Clarke, the brother of her deceased husband, a vacant half-lot in Forest Home Cemetery; to Marie E. Kimber, the wife of her son, George, one dollar; to Ruth Kimber, her grand-daughter, one dollar; to Thomas G. Perkins, her mandolin and $3000; to Nellie Perkins, the wife of Thomas, her cedar chest with its contents and $1000; to Clara Povett, her packing-case with its contents and $1000; to Fannie Bashan, $500; to Jack Ward, the son of Florence and Ernest Ward, $500; to *564 Mrs. Richardson, $1000; and to the Home Bank and Trust Company and J. Henry Krause, as trustees, $23,000 for the following purposes: (1) To pay to her son, George A. Kimber, during his life, the net income from $20,000; (2) to pay to her grandson, John E. Kimber, when thirty years of age, $3000, with its accumulations; and (3) to divide upon the death of her son the same $20,000, and in case her grandson should not attain the age of thirty years, the sum of $3000, with its accumulations, equally between John Morris, her brother, Jane Morris, the widow of her deceased brother, David, and Lydia Field and Martha Field, her sisters, all of Birmingham, England, and Thomas A. Morris, her brother, of Chicago. The instrument authorized the trustees to make investments and re-investments in their discretion, and to manage, sell, convey, lease or encumber the trust estate, or any part thereof, the same as the testatrix might do if living. It gave the residue of the estate to the brother, sisters and sister-in-law before mentioned, in equal parts. J. Henry Krause and the Home Bank and Trust Company were nominated executors, surety upon the bond of the individual executor was waived, and the executors were empowered to sell, encumber or otherwise dispose of the estate. The instrument was admitted to record as the last will and testament of Sarah A. Clarke, deceased, by the probate court of Cook county on April 18, 1922. Thereafter George A. Kimber, the son, filed his bill of complaint in the superior court of Cook county to set aside the alleged will upon the grounds of undue influence and the want of testamentary capacity. The cause was submitted to a jury, which returned a verdict that the instrument was not the will of Sarah A. Clarke. Answers to special interrogatories were also asked, and the jury found that Sarah A. Clarke was not of sound mind and memory at the time she executed the instrument and that its execution was procured by undue influence. A decree was entered in accordance with the verdict. From that decree the Home *565 Bank and Trust Company and J. Henry Krause, as executors and trustees, prosecute this appeal.
The first contention of appellants is that the clerk, without an order of the trial court, erroneously placed the cause on the chancery trial calendar and that the court erred in denying appellants' motion for a continuance. On February 7, 1924, counsel for appellants made a motion to continue the cause on the ground that it had been improperly placed on the trial calendar. The motion was overruled, an exception was taken, and the trial began on the same day. Rule 5 of the superior court of Cook county provides that "when any chancery case is at issue, upon notice and motion of either party, the case may be ordered placed on the trial calendar of the chancellor to whom said case has been assigned, and such cases be called for trial in the order in which they are placed on said calendar, unless otherwise ordered." From affidavits made in support of the motion for a continuance it appears that on September 14, 1923, one of appellants' counsel was notified by counsel for appellee that on September 17 he would move, before Hon. Denis E. Sullivan, judge of the superior court, that the cause be placed on the trial calendar; that the attorney so notified failed to appear at the time fixed but afterwards ascertained that the only order the court had entered on that day was one appointing a guardian ad litem for certain defendants; that thereafter, pursuant to the request of some person representing appellee, the clerk placed the cause on the chancery trial calendar without notice to opposing counsel, and that the first notice appellants' counsel had of what had been done was a short time before the cause was reached on the call, when it was too late to procure the attendance or depositions of material witnesses then in California. Appellee replies that the question has not been properly preserved for review; that to enable this court to pass upon the question a bill of exceptions preserving it should have been filed at the term at which the ruling upon the motion *566 for a continuance was made, and that the preservation of the question in a general bill of exceptions made at a subsequent term, after the conclusion of the trial, is of no avail.
The procedure by which a case reaches its place on the trial calendar is not included in the issues presented by the pleadings and hence is not a part of the proceedings in the course of the trial. This court cannot take judicial notice of the rules of practice of the superior court. (Anderson v.McCormick,
Seventeen witnesses testified in behalf of the proponents of the instrument. It was drawn by the secretary of the appellant bank from directions which the testatrix gave him after she had read the provisions of a prior will. Upon completion of the instrument she reviewed and approved it. Both of the attesting witnesses were bankers. They had assisted her in business transactions and advised her with reference to investments. One of them testified that she knew when her notes would become due and payable and that she gave instructions concerning re-investments. She came to the bank on crutches, accompanied by some person. The secretary and the attesting witnesses believed that the testatrix was of sound mind at the time she executed the instrument. Several witnesses had met her at dinner on Thanksgiving and Christmas days in the year 1921. Some of these witnesses were present at the Thanksgiving gathering, others on Christmas day, and still others on both occasions. They testified that the testatrix took part in the conversation, singing and other entertainment, and that she recited ten or twelve verses of a certain poem, spoke of a trip she had made to Europe in the year 1920, and related other incidents of her life. These witnesses expressed the opinion, based upon their observations of the testatrix, that she was of sound mind. A sister member of the Eastern Star, who had seen her at different times, testified that while she was melancholy about her health, so far as other matters were concerned she appeared to be rational. Of two other acquaintances, one heard the testatrix recite the *568 verses of the same poem and the other regarded her as a brilliant woman.
On the part of the contestant twenty-one witnesses testified. There was much evidence tending to show that the physical condition of the testatrix had degenerated and her mentality become impaired. A Roentgenologist testified that the X-ray pictures he had taken of the testatrix, which were offered in evidence, showed a general senile atrophy of the bones of the pelvis, the upper third of both femurs and of all the bones in the skull, with a chronic inflammation of the occipital bone and partial destruction of its posterior portion, and that there was an extensive infection of certain of the bones and a pathological fracture. Another physician testified that at the time of the testatrix's death he found that she had a pus infection of the right middle ear cavity, with subsequent pyemia. He enumerated a number of the conditions of infection that existed and gave it as his opinion that the cause of her death was a purulent infection of the blood stream, and that the conditions he found might affect the brain. A third physician corroborated the first with reference to the deformed condition of the pelvis, and added that the testatrix had a rigidity and an ankylosis of the spine; that her bones were brittle for lack of nutrition and that she was helpless at the time he saw her. Still another physician who had treated the testatrix found that she had anaemia, a high degree of arteriosclerosis, some congestion in the upper part of both lungs and a general senile condition. Her vital powers had largely waned, and her condition, physically and mentally, rapidly became worse to the time his treatments ceased, and it was apparent from her speech and actions that her brain was affected. A fifth physician testified that he was unable to complete a history sheet from the information which she gave him; that he had to repeat his questions to her; that there were long delays in answers to simple questions, and that from his observations he believed she was suffering *569 from senile dementia. Another physician testified that from her deformed and emaciated condition he concluded that she had suffered from osteomalacia, from which pyemia results, and that pyemia, in his opinion, caused the paralytic stroke which she had suffered in 1919. He testified that he called to see the testatrix on the day the will was drawn and that she then seemed to be confused and fatigued; that there were occasions when he visited her that she did not answer questions, and that it appeared that she had used narcotics. He was of the opinion that she was of unsound mind. A seventh physician found a degenerated condition of the tissues, diabetes, nephritis, an enlarged heart, valvular lesion, a large liver and a large spleen. When he first saw the testatrix she weighed about 180 pounds, but later her body, and especially her bones, rapidly dehydrated, the latter to the extent that the blood supply had been taken from them and there was nothing left but shells. There was a large soft area on the right side of her skull, which could be pushed in with the thumb or finger, and toward the close of his treatments she had a very pronounced paresis. She had suffered a stroke of apoplexy, was hard of hearing and almost blind. It was his opinion she was mentally unsound. An expert in mental diseases was asked a hypothetical question purporting to embody the essential features of the testimony adduced by appellee, and he gave it as his opinion that the person described in the question was of unsound mind.
Among the facts and incidents related by different witnesses constituting the bases upon which they concluded that the testatrix was of unsound mind are the following: At times she failed to answer questions; her conversations were disconnected; she would change from one subject to another abruptly and often could not carry on a coherent conversation; she would drum with her hands and sing in the midst of a conversation with another person; she mumbled in speaking, was evasive in her answers, talked *570 to herself, and made unresponsive and illogical replies to questions; she did not readily recognize her friends and acquaintances upon meeting them; she was melancholy; she pretended to see, or thought she saw, animate bodies and inanimate things which had no existence, and inanimate objects appeared to her to be moving or changing from one thing to another; she repeatedly exhibited hallucinations and delusions in sight and hearing and on one occasion chased an imaginary dog from her porch; she believed in spirits and thought the spirits of her former husbands visited her; she objected to the operation of the hot water system in her house because the flow of the water in the pipes caused her to feel that spirits were there; she thought the spirit of one of her deceased husbands was in the bed-room in which he died, and for that reason requested a prospective purchaser of the house not to open the door to that room; she thought the house was haunted; she talked of going to California to learn to dance, stated that she was a good dancer and singer, and on her voyage to Europe attempted to dance on the deck of the ship; on that trip she took no change of underwear and had no night dress with her; she appeared on the street in an unsightly condition and did eccentric things; at luncheon she removed food from her plate and placed it on the tablecloth and often changed her knife and fork from one hand to the other, and at one time, when she had ample food before her, told the attending physician that she did not receive enough to eat. A number of the foregoing facts and incidents were supported by the testimony of different witnesses. They included, in addition to friends and acquaintances, the physicians who attended the testatrix, the nurse at the hospital, a prospective purchaser of a house the testatrix owned, the person who accompanied her to Europe and a business man who called to see her son. Many other eccentricities were related by other witnesses, but it is not necessary to enumerate them. *571
Appellants insist that the verdict and decree are contrary to the evidence. It is true that some of the acts of the testatrix relied upon to show that she lacked testamentary capacity at the time the instrument in question was signed by her may be the result, merely, as suggested by appellants, of defective vision, impaired hearing and advanced age. Isolated acts and parts of conversations often appear abnormal but when considered in connection with the whole course of conduct or the entire conversation prove to be normal. The acts and utterances of the testatrix shown by this record, however, can scarcely be attributed to the physical infirmities of old age. Among the witnesses who testified concerning them, many were wholly disinterested in the resuit of the suit. The physicians also, to a large extent, corroborated each other, and their testimony cannot be ignored. The question whether the testatrix was of sound mind and memory was peculiarly one for the jury, and in view of all the evidence we do not feel justified in disturbing their verdict.
It is further contended by appellants that a certain letter, statement and acknowledgment offered by them and excluded should have been admitted in evidence. On the day after the testatrix died a letter and statement written by her and an acknowledgment by her son were found in her vault at the bank. The letter is dated June 26, 1917, and is addressed to "My dear Alfred." It opens with the assertion that it is not written with any ill-feeling but complains of the treatment accorded her and charges that it caused her illness. Reference is made to the statement which was enclosed with the letter and which purports to set forth items of money given by the testatrix to her son, the last of which was on April 8, 1916. The sum of these items is $5096.50. The son's acknowledgment is that on April 8, 1916, the mother paid for him a second mortgage of $1300 and interest on a certain garage. Each of these papers was written long prior to the execution of the contested *572 instrument, and for that reason the trial court did not err in excluding them. (Jones on Evidence, ___ 3d ed. ___ sec. 136.)
The trial court admitted in evidence a certain hospital record, and it is insisted by appellants that it was incompetent because some of the notations upon it were made by internes and nurses and not by the physician who testified concerning the record at the time it was offered. Such a record is admissible upon the same basis as books of account, and before it can be admitted in evidence all persons who make entries in it are required to testify to their correctness. (Wright v. Upson,
The appellants further contend that the answer of Dr. Krohn, the expert in mental diseases, to the hypothetical question propounded to him should have been stricken because the question was based, in part, upon incompetent testimony. Two legatees, Fanny Bashan, to whom $500 was bequeathed, and Ruth Shaw, a grand-daughter, who was given one dollar by the contested will, testified to acts by and conversations with the testatrix from which they concluded that she was of unsound mind. The hypothetical question propounded to Dr. Krohn included the substance of a part of the testimony of these two witnesses, and he answered stating that the person described in that question was, in his opinion, of unsound mind. Later, counsel for appellants moved to strike out the testimony of these two *573
legatees. The motion was allowed. Counsel then suggested that the striking out of their testimony would not cure the error of its admission, because the hypothetical question, and the answer thereto, were partially based upon that testimony. Associate counsel then stated that the testimony of Dr. Krohn also would have to be stricken because it rested, in part, on the testimony of the two legatees, but no motion was made to that effect nor was any action taken by the court. Appellee has assigned cross-errors upon the action of the trial court in striking out the testimony of the two legatees, asserting that they were competent to testify because they were called by the contestant as adverse parties. Neither of these two witnesses was an heir of the testatrix or had any direct interest in the event of the suit except to sustain the will. They were called by the contestant, the adverse party, and testified against their interest. They were competent and their testimony should not have been stricken. (Evidence act, sec. 2; Wetzel v.Firebaugh,
A former will purporting to have been drawn by the testatrix, dated May 25, 1920, and certain letters, and statements of investments and of receipts and disbursements, were found in another vault during the course of the trial and appellants sought to introduce them on rebuttal. They were excluded and complaint is made of the trial court's ruling. While it is proper for a trial court to admit, on rebuttal, documents which are competent and which could not be introduced in chief, yet their admission or exclusion is a matter largely within the court's discretion. (Huffman v. Graves,
Complaint is also made by appellants that the trial court refused to permit Paul Rosenhouse and Nell Rosene to testify in their behalf on rebuttal. The offers made disclose that their testimony concerned the question of the soundness of mind of the testatrix and would have been merely corroborative of appellants' case in chief and not in rebuttal of the evidence of appellee. In a proceeding to contest a will the proponent must offer in chief not only the evidence making a prima facie
case but also all other evidence relating to the issue of testamentary capacity. (Donoran v. St. Joseph's Home,
The issue of undue influence, it is argued by appellants, should have been withdrawn from the jury. There is evidence in this record which might justify the inference that the execution of the will had been procured by undue influence. The issue was therefore properly submitted to the jury. Whether or not the evidence upon that issue was sufficient to justify a verdict setting the will aside it is unnecessary to determine. The finding on the question of mental capacity is decisive of this case. For that reason a reversal of the decree is not required even if the evidence be held insufficient to warrant a decree against the instrument on the ground of undue influence. Where a will is contested on the grounds of mental incapacity and undue influence, a decree setting the will aside in accordance with *575
the jury's verdict will not be reversed where there is evidence to support the finding of mental incapacity, and new trim will not be allowed solely because the evidence does not sustain the charge of undue influence. Bundy v. West,
Appellants finally complain of the giving of the twelfth instruction, which was as follows:
"If the jury believe from the evidence that, although Sarah A. Clarke had sufficient capacity to attend to the ordinary business affairs of life, yet that, with regard to subjects connected with the testamentary disposition and distribution of her property and the natural objects of her bounty she was of unsound mind; and that while laboring under such conditions she made the will in question, and that in making it she was so far influenced or controlled by such unsoundness of mind as to be unable, rationally, to comprehend the nature and effect of the provisions of the will, and was thereby led to make the will, as she did, then the jury must find the will not to be the will of the said Sarah A. Clarke."
The words "and was thereby led to make the will, as she did," it is argued, amount to an assumption that the testatrix was induced to execute the instrument in question. The jury could not, under the instruction, set aside the will without finding the existence of the conditions stated. There was not in the language to which objection is made the assumption of a fact in issue in the case. Moreover, by the instructions requested by appellants and given by the court, the jury were fully informed upon the subjects of the requisite capacity to make a will and the burden of proof. The form and language of the instruction might have been improved, but giving it did not constitute error prejudicial to the appellants.
We find no reversible error in the record, and the decree of the superior court will be affirmed.
Decree affirmed. *576