| Colo. | Sep 15, 1893
delivered the opinion of the court.
1. The trial of the issues in this action required the examination of long accounts. The cause was accordingly referred to William H. Bryant, Esq., au attorney of the court, “to take testimony herein and report the same, together with his findings of fact and conclusions of law thereon.” This was equivalent to a reference, with directions to the referee to
The cause was tried upon the testimony of witnesses examined orally before the referee, as well as upon books of account and other documentary evidence. The referee having heard and observed the witnesses, and having authority to decide the whole issue, his findings of fact are entitled to the same consideration as the verdict of a jury or the findings of the court based upon oral and written evidence produced in open court.
In certain cases where the trial court has rendered its decree upon the report of a master or referee, this court has held that it must, upon appeal, examine and weigh all the evidence for the purpose of determining the issues of fact as well as the law and equity of the case, according to its own judgment. But an examination of the record discloses that those cases stand upon a different footing from the present ease, and that they are not in conflict with the views expressed in this opinion. For example : The case of Jackson v. Allen, 4 Colo. 263" court="Colo." date_filed="1878-10-15" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/jackson-v-allen-6560865?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="6560865">4 Colo. 263, was commenced and tried under the old equity practice, the testimony being taken and reported by a master, without any findings or conclusions whatever. In Miller v. Taylor, 6 Colo. 41" court="Colo." date_filed="1881-12-15" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/miller-v-taylor-6561035?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="6561035">6 Colo. 41, and also in Sieber v. Frink, 7 Colo. 148" court="Colo." date_filed="1883-12-15" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/sieber-v-frink-6561171?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="6561171">7 Colo. 148, the referee was directed to take and report the testimony, but no findings or conclusions, either of law or of fact, were required of him.
The present code, in respect to references of the kind under consideration, provides as follows :
“The findings of the referee upon the whole issue shall stand as the finding of the court, and upon filing the same with the clerk, judgment shall be entered thereon in the same manner as if the action had been tried by the court, unless objected to by either party bj>- filing a motion for a new trial as hereinafter provided. When the referee is to report the facts, the finding shall have the effect of a special verdict.” See § 212.
From the foregoing it is clear that we are not required on
2. In their printed brief counsel for appellants contend that the complaint does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action. But there is no assignment of error to that effect; nor does it appear that any such objection was interposed in the trial court. The complaint states the different causes of action in general terms, much like the common counts for goods sold and delivered, and for work done and performed. Such mode of pleading is not favored by the code; but objections thereto should be taken, if at all, by special demurrer, or by motion for a copy of the account sued on, or for a bill of particulars; they will not be entertained when raised for the first time on appeal or error. Code, §§ 50, 63; See Campbell v. Shiland, 14 Colo. 491" court="Colo." date_filed="1890-04-15" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/campbell-v-shiland-6561952?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="6561952">14 Colo. 491; also, Mulock v. Wilson, recently decided by this court.
The referee deducted $500 from appellee’s claim on account of unmerchantable stone. Counsel for appellants claim that this allowance was not enough. Counsel for appellee claim that no allowance whatever should have been made. The testimony upon this point is conflicting. But considering the referee’s superior opportunity for weighing the evidence, we cannot undertake to revise his conclusions as to the amount of unmerchantable stone.
Appellants’ claim for overcharges of stone delivered stands upon similar testimony. They claim that they were overcharged $1,134.76. This was reduced by items amounting to nearly $300. The referee allowed something over $400 in favor of appellants. We cannot say this allowance was not warranted by the evidence.
Under the contract appellants were to pay on the 10th of each month for all stone delivered and sold, and 50 per cent of the contract price for stone delivered and remaining unsold. As the evidence does not show the amount of stone delivered
3. Appellee, under his assignment of cross-errors, complains that he was not allowed to recover for stone delivered on and after August 1, 1889. His claim for August business was disallowed on the ground that it was not due when this action was commenced. Appellants were not required to settle and pajr for August deliveries until the 10th of September following. This suit was brought August 17th. It is urged, how? ever, that under the Code, § 94, appellee might recover for August, for the reason that he had commenced his suit by attachment, and had alleged causes of attachment entitling him to recover upon debts or liabilities not yet due. The referee held that inasmuch as neither the complaint nor the
It is unnecessary to notice further in detail the matters complained of by the parties respectively. Upon careful consideration we are of the opinion that the trial court did not err in approving, as a whole, the findings of the referee. His report shows that he sat for twenty-one days in the trial of this cause; he took and reported a large volume of testimony; and his summing up shows that he gave patient and careful attention to the evidence and the law applicable thereto under the issues. Notwithstanding the assignments and cross-assignments of error, we are not able to say that any error affecting the substantial rights of the parties was committed by the referee. On the contrary, his findings appear to do substantial justice between the parties as to all matters in controversy prior to August 1, 1889. Their transactions since that time are not affected by this adjudication. The judgment of the district court is affirmed.
Affirmed.