Plaintiff-appellant appeals from a directed verdict 1 in favor of defendant-appellee for failure by plaintiff to establish gross negligence as a matter of law in this automobile guest passenger case. 2 We reverse and remand for a new trial.
The parties agree that the following events occurred. Plaintiff Laird Edward Kieft was guest passenger in an automobile driven by defendant’s decedent, Robert John Corkins. Both men were off duty state troopers. They had spent the night prior to the day of the instant accident in Caro, Michigan at a hotel operated by a cousin of Corkins. On the day of the accident (June 3, 1966) they awoke around 9:30 a.m., ate breakfast, played pool and had a beer until lunch. After lunch at the hotel they departed in Corkins automobile. They were driving east on Clifford Road on the outskirts of the Village of Clifford when, due to the excessive speed at which Corkins was driving, Corkins was *79 unable to stop the automobile in time to avoid colliding with a train crossing Clifford Road at a marked railroad crossing. The automobile skidded and struck an embankment on the side of the road and rebounded into the moving train. Corkins was killed in the collision and Kieft suffered serious physical injury.
The remaining facts are in dispute. On an appeal from a directed verdict we must, of course, view them in the light most favorable to the plaintiff-appellant.
Prentkiewicz v Karp,
The train approached the crossing at a speed of 28 mph and sounded a warning signal from a point one-quarter mile before the crossing. The warning was repeated as the train neared, then crossed the road and the train’s headlight and rotating beacon were functioning and in use. It was stated that from a point 500 feet west of the crossing a driver could sight the train at a position of 62 feet before it crossed the road.
Corkins was driving at an estimated speed of 65 to 80 mph. Plaintiff testified that he asked Corkins to slow down but did not persist in such warning *80 since Gorkins was his senior officer. Skid marks from Corkin’s automobile were present from a point 338 feet west of the crossing and continued to a point 122 feet west of the crossing where the automobile struck the opposite side road bank prior to striking the train. The automobile collided with the fourth car on the train indicating that the train’s engine had proceeded 225 feet beyond the crossing by the moment of impact.
We find that the testimony presented in this case was sufficient to allow the issue of gross negligence to be considered by the jury. Whenever reasonable minds can differ on the existence of gross negligence the issue should be submitted to the jury.
Tien v Barkel,
From the testimony presented, the jury could have reasonably concluded that a totality of the circumstances revealed:
" '(1) Knowledge of a situation requiring the exercise of ordinary care and diligence to avert injury to another; (2) Ability to avoid the resulting harm by ordinary care and diligence in the use of the means at hand; (3) The omission to use such care and diligence to avert the threatened danger, when to the ordinary mind it must be apparent that the result is likely to prove disastrous to another.’ ” Tien v Barkel, supra, 281-282.
The Michigan case law on gross negligence in guest passenger cases has been sufficiently developed. In light of our prior holding in the above cited cases and,
Stevens v Stevens,
The Court of Appeals is reversed.