180 F. 301 | U.S. Circuit Court for the District of Maine | 1910
This is a bill in equity, resting entirely upon alleged common-law rights, and claiming jurisdiction in this court simply on account of the variance of' citizenship between the complainant and respondent. The complainant is a well-known type founder, and the respondent is alleged to be, to a certain extent, engaged in the same business, either as a founder or as a seller of type. At this point we will say that, while for certain purposes there may be a difference between type as type and the faces of type, we use the word “type” to cover the entire thing to which this proceeding relates. The complainant devised a style of printing, using peculiar type therefor, of which the following is an example:
For the purpose of doing printing according to the foregoing design, the complainant devised and manufactured type adapted thereto. The whole topic, including the invention of the style of printing shown, arid of producing the type to accomplish the printing, involved a very considerable expense, and, undoubtedly, a large degree of ingenuity and caré. The typé as manufactured by the complainant was known in the market as “Caslon Bold.” The respondent put on the market type corresponding to that made by the complainant, and for the same purpose for which the complainant made their' type. In some instances, at least, the respondent in its correspondence, and perhaps otherwise, spoke of its type as “Caslon Bold.” This may have been without any special intention in reference thereto; but such is the fact which we are bound to consider. The complainant further maintains that the type manufactured by the respondent is of inferior quality, which is immaterial as this case is presented.
There is no claim on the part of the complainant to be protected
Under the circumstances, the case seems very simple. The type in question has no characteristics in particular, except that of utility; and, if the bill could be sustained, the plaintiff would obtain a perpetual patent for a useful article, running indefinitely, without any assistance from the Patent Office of the United States. On putting the proposition in this form, it is so clearly met by the law that it needs no discussion.
Among all the cases cited by the complainant the one which it apparently urges on us with the most confidence, and the one which at first sight comes the nearest to its propositions, is Estes v. Frost Company, decided by the Circuit Court of Appeals for this Circuit on February 8, 1910, reported in 176 Fed. 338. Estes v. Frost Company, however, belongs to an ordinary class of cases involving a purpose to deceive, and is broadly distinguished from the case at bar by the dosing sentence, as follows:
“It is understood that the decree of the Circuit Court directed itself against making and selling, for use in hose supporters, wooden buttons made in imitation of rubber.”
Hesseltine’s Law of Trade-Marks and Unfair Trade (1906) 198, in so far as it distinguishes between the imitation of structural features and ornamental features, points out what is ordinarily the true rule. In whatever manner a case may be “dressed up,” if a close analysis brings the alleged offense down to a mere reproducing of a useful manufactitre which has not been patented, a bill of this character cannot be sustained. On the plain facts, however, in that the respondent has gone beyond this and used the words “Caslon Bold,” it has so far violated the law, and the plaintiff is entitled to relief.
Fet the complainant file a draft decree in accordance with the opinion passed down the 16th day of July, 1910, within 10 days, and the respondent file corrections thereof within the next "ensuing 10 days, all in accordance with rule 21.
August 11, 1910.
In accordance with the opinion passed down in this case on July 16, 1910, the court has received a draft decree, and also proposed corrections thereof by the respondent. The court finds nothing in
On an examination of the record out of. which arose the opinion of July 16, 1910, the court found a letter from, the respondent to one of its customers in which the term “Caslon Bold” was used; and what the court said in the closing paragraph of its opinion w.as based entirely on what it thus incidentally discovered.
Under the circumstances, nothing has been brought to the attention of the court to enable it to apprehend that there could any advantage come from the appointing of a master which would offset the delay and expense involved in an accounting. Therefore the court follows the practice approved in American Box Co. v. Crosman (C. C.) 57 Fed. 1021, 1029; Bradford v. Belknap Co. (C. C.) 105 Fed. 63, 66; Ludington Co. v. Leonard, 127 Fed. 155, 157, 62 C. C. A. 269; Merriam Co. v. Ogilvie, 170 Fed. 167, 169, 170, 95 C. C. A. 423, and Kessler v. Goldstrom (C. C. A.) 177 Fed. 392, 394; and in a general way in Saxlehner v. Siegel-Cooper Co., 179 U. S. 42, 43, 21 Sup. Ct. 16, 45 L. Ed. 77. Therefore .there will be no decree for an account.