171 Mo. App. 528 | Mo. Ct. App. | 1913
The appeal in this case, from a judgment against the American Car & Foundry Company, was originally taken by that company to the Supreme Court of the State. The verdict and judgment were for $5400. On consideration of the cause the Supreme Court, adopting an opinion by Mr. Commissioner BrowN, transfered the cause to our court, the opinion reported under the title Kettelhake v. American Car & Foundry Company, 243 Mo. 412, 147 S. W. 479.
The action was originally instituted February 5, 1908, by plaintiff, widow of one Frank Kettlehalce, against the defendant American Car & Foundry Company and two others for the recovery of damages alleged to have been sustained by reason of the death of her husband. As pleaded in the amended petition, the. right of action set out in the first count of the petition purported to he based upon section 2864, Revised Statutes 1899, as amended by the Act approved April 13, 1905 (Session Acts 1905, p. 135), now section 5425, Revised Statutes 1909, $10,000 being claimed as damages under the provisions of that act. The second count was founded on section 2866, Revised Statutes 1899, as amended by the Act approved March 19, 1907 (Session Acts 1907, p. 252), now section 5426, Revised Statutes 1909. Ten thousand dollars was likewise claimed under this act. Before the case was finally submitted to the jury, plaintiff dismissed as to the second count, so that is out of this case. Recovery was had on the first count and against the appellant American Car & Foundry Company alone, the plaintiff having taken an involuntary nonsuit as to the two individual defendants. It is in connection with this latter phase of the case that a federal question was sought to be injected into the case. "We refer to the opinion of Mr. Commissioner BrowN, before cited, for a full statement of the facts connected with this.
The errors here assigned by counsel for the ap
It goes without saying that the demurrer to the evidence is to be determined on that of plaintiff, respondent here.- A very careful reading and consideration of that satisfies us that it was sufficient to take the case to the jury. Plaintiff’s husband was a car repairer in the employ of defendant, a corporation created and organized under and by virtue of the laws of the State of New Jersey, engaged in the manufacture and repair of cars in the city of St. Louis. It there had extensive shops and yards, moving cars in and about its yards by locomotive engines owned and operated by it, there being a network of tracks in its yards along which it moved and on which it placed cars in course of construction or repair. Immediately before the accident KetLehake and a fellow employee named Lechner were engaged in what Lechner calls “working bottoms; that is, fastening nuts on the bottoms of these box cars.” He further testified that to do this they worked under a car, which had been placed on one of the tracks in the yards of the .defendant corporation.' He and Kettelhake had been at that work all of the day of the accident, which occurred between four and five o’clock on January 23d. A few minutes after four o’clock on that afternoon having occasion to quit his work temporarily and go to a toilet room, he left Kettlehake at work under the rear car of three cars that were in place. As he was walking away from this car, he saw a switchman or brakeman coming toward him but on the south side of the cars at which witness had- been working, witness Uien being on the north side. When he first saw this
Another witness, who was looking out of the window of a house near the yards of the defendant corporation, testified that he saw a man standing up working upon or near, within an arm’s length, of the corner of a new freight car, one of three cars that had been standing on a trade in the yards of the defendant corporation’s plant for several days. He saw an engine and several cars moving along the track toward these three standing cars and move them some distance, so that the ear he saw the man working on struck that man and left him lying upon the ground,
Another witness, who with his partner had been working on the same car with Kettelhake and Lechner, testified he had quit work while Kettelhake and 'Lech-ner were still at work — saw them working under the bottom of the car and spoke to them; shortly after-wards met Lechner as the latter was hurrying to the outhouse — toilet room, and spoke to him. About fifteen minutes afterwards heard of the accident to Ket-telhake; did not go back to see him; just heard he was killed.
While the witnesses for plaintiff testified that it was the custom of the employees of defendant corporation, in charge of its trains, to -give warning of an approaching train, and while the witness Lechner, as we have above stated, testified most positively that no one had warned them on this occasion, either by walking along the cars under which he and Kettelhake were working, or by calling out, it is due appellant to say that a wittness for appellant testified that he was the switchman and of the crew of the backing-.train on this occasion and that he had walked the whole
Under' this state of facts we think that plaintiff made out a case for the consideration of the jury and that the demurrer to the evidence was properly overruled. It is further to be said that with the evidence introduced by appellant before them, contradicting that of plaintiff as to warning having been given, the jury alone, guided by proper instructions, are the ones to pass upon which version is correct; their verdict on that issue concludes this court.
The evidence complained of as improperly admitted was that of plaintiff herself. She testified that she had lived with her deceased husband for nineteen years and up to the date of his death; that he had worked for her all their married life and had supported her. The court asked her if she had any other means of support, excepting him. To this counsel for defendant, appellant, objected “as immaterial.” The objection was overruled and defendant excepted. The witness then answered that she had not,.that he was supporting her and the family. She afterwards, and without further objection, testified that her husband had worked for her and given her all of his earnings, testifying as to what they amounted to, and his age,
The only objection interposed was to the questions by the court which we have set out, and that objection was that it was “immaterial.”
We might dispose of this by saying that our Supreme Court has held in many cases that such objection is insufficient and does not constitute proper foundation for the assignment of error, being too general. As see Gayle v. Missouri Car & Foundry Co., 177 Mo. 427, l. c. 454, 76 S. W. 987. That is the rule even in criminal cases. State v. Crone, 209 Mo. 316, l. c. 330, 108 S. W. 555.
We are not overlooking the rule that when objection has been once made and acted upon and the ruling saved, it is unnecessary to repeat that objection to the same line of testimony. [See Gold v. Pian Time Payment Jewelry Co., 165 Mo. App. 154, l. c. 163, 145 S. W. 1174.] But the objection must be a proper one — made with certainty. We place our ruling as to this evidence on the further ground that it has been distinctly held by our Supreme Court in Boyd v. Missouri Pac. Ry. Co., 236 Mo. 54, 139 S. W. 561, that in actions under this section of the statute, the widow who seeks damages for the death of her husband may give in evidence the number and ages of minor children as bearing on her pecuniary loss. So we held in Hartnett v. United Railways Co., 162 Mo. App. 554, 142 S. W. 750. It is held in the Boyd case that this section, while providing for a minimum and a maximum amount at the discretion of the jury, has a remedial side and as looking to that, the jury may consider the' extent of the injury, and that as it also has a penal side, the
In this view of the case we see no error in giving the instruction of which special complaint is made. That told the jury that if they found for plaintiff they should award her not less than $2000 nor more than $10,000, “as you may deem fair and just under the evidence in this case with reference to the necessary injury resulting to her from the death of her husband; and in determining what such injury is, you should consider all the evidence before you, bearing upon that subject.” As section 5425 is interpreted by our Supreme Court in Boyd v. Missouri Pac. Ry. Co., supra, we hold this instruction proper.
The only objection made to the other instructions, particularly the main instruction given by the court of its own motion, is the very general one that in setting forth the facts on which, the plaintiff was entitled to recover, it “is subject to the criticism that even if the facts therein stated were admitted to be true, no right of recovery arose therefrom because of the rule invoked” by counsel in contending that the demurrer to the evidence should have been sustained. The gist of this contention of counsel is that the husband of plaintiff had assumed this risk, which resulted in his death. Degonia v. St. Louis, I. M. & S. R. Co., 224 Mo. 564, 123 S. W. 807; Van Dyke v. Missouri Pac. Ry. Co., 230 Mo. 259, 130 S. W. 1; McGrath v. St.
Our court in Peppers v. St. Louis Plate Glass Co., 165 Mo. App. 556, 148 S. W. 401, determined that the rule announced in the McGrath case, while applicable to section hands engaged in their work, did not apply to a case such as this. The writer of this dissented from the majority of his associates in that case; but it must now be accepted as the decision of the court. The case at bar is governed, as to this aspect of it, by the decision of our Supreme Court in Koerner v. St. Louis Car Co., 209 Mo. 141, 107 S. W. 481. The facts in that are quite similar to those in the one at bar. There it is held that where the defendant corporation, through one of its managing superintendents, had sent an employee to work on an unfinished car on one of its tracks, it was its duty to provide against other cars running down against the car upon which he was working and to see that other cars which were pulled out were not attached to the car upon which he was working, without giving him warning of the intention to move that car. It is also there held that while the employee, in entering the service of the employer, assumes the risks that ordinarily and usually are incident to the business being conducted by the employer, the employee does not assume the risk arising from the emlpoyer’s neglect to adopt suitable precautions for his safety. That duty is a continuing one and it will not suffice to say that when the employee went to work at that place it was reasonably safe.. If the place was afterwards rendered unsafe by the negligent act of the employer in sending a switching crew in there who negligently moved the car upon which the employee was working, without giving him warning of their intention to move it, then the employer is liable for the consequences of this negligent act of the crew in charge of the moving train. The employee had a right to presume, in the absence of knowledge to the
The only remaining proposition in it is as to the refusal by the court to sustain the petition of defendant corporation for removal of the cause to the United States District Court. The facts connected with that are set out with sufficient particularity by Mr. Commissioner BeowN in this case when before the Supreme Court, and we refer to his opinion, before cited, without repeating them here. "We are unable to understand in the light of the facts here how it could be said that by taking an involuntary nonsuit as to the two individual defendants, they had so completely disappeared from the case as to leave the controversy one entirely between plaintiff and the corporation defendant. We think that Kansas City Suburban Belt Ry. Co. v. Herman, 187 U. S. 63, settles this. There the Supreme Court distinguishes that case from Powers v. Chesapeake & Ohio Ry. Co., 169 U. S. 92, relied upon by counsel for appellant.
Finding no reversible error, the judgment of the circuit court is affirmed.