This is an appeal by caveators from an order of the Probate Court of Chatham County denying their motion for a new trial following judgment entered upon a jury verdict upholding the validity of the challenged last will and testament of Andrew Roderick Dean (“Dean”). The propounder of the will files a cross-appeal, its issues relevant only if caveators prevail. The caveators challenge many of the probate court’s instructions to the jury, as well as the probate court’s failure to give several of their requests to charge. Finding such challenges to be without merit, we affirm in the main appeal and dismiss the cross-appeal as moot.
Dean executed the will in question on April 28, 2006, leaving the entirety of his estate to A. Kenneth Williamson (“Williamson”), who was referred to in the will as Dean’s “life-long friend,” and who was also named as executor of the estate. 1 Dean and Williamson had known each other for approximately 30 years. In a prior will, executed on February 2, 1984, Dean had devised and bequeathed all of his property to his younger brother, Henry Gary Dean. However, Dean’s brother died unexpectedly on April 21, 2006 at the age of 51. At the time of Dean’s death on May 12, 2006, he was 56 years old and *661 was survived only by collateral relatives (“caveators”). Dean was admitted into the hospital on April 11, 2006 with an assessment on admission that he was suffering from, inter alia, hepatic encephalopathy and alcoholic cirrhosis. On April 22, 2006, after the death of bis brother, Dean met with an attorney to discuss drafting a new will. At this meeting, Dean talked about his intentions and his family background; the attorney was “convinced” that Dean “possessed the requisite testamentary capacity.” Dean told the attorney that Williamson was his best friend, and had saved his life by getting him to the hospital after Williamson found Dean “passed out” on the floor of Dean’s house. Nevertheless, because Dean told the attorney that his relatives would contest the new will, the attorney requested a psychiatric evaluation of Dean to confirm that Dean possessed the requisite capacity to make the will. A psychologist examined Dean and concluded that he “had no issues of impairment” or any “deficiency” that would prevent him from making a will. Dean executed the new will in the presence of the attorney and three other witnesses. After Dean’s death, Williamson filed a petition to probate the will in common form. Caveators filed a petition to compel probate of the will in solemn form in order that a caveat might be filed. The parties jointly stipulated to probate the will in solemn form, and accordingly, Williamson filed a petition to do so. Caveators alleged Dean’s lack of testamentary capacity and undue influence by Williamson. The case was tried before a jury. Caveators retained a forensic psychiatrist to testify on their behalf. The jury returned a verdict upholding Dean’s 2006 will as valid.
Case No. S08A1389
1. Caveators complain that the probate court’s instruction to the jury contained multiple and repetitious charges having inflammatory language 2 on the issues of testamentary capacity and undue influence, and consequently, that the instruction, as a whole, unduly emphasized what the caveators had to prove, amounting to an expression of opinion by the probate court in favor of Williamson. But, the complaint is without merit.
First, the cited language is not, in and of itself, inflammatory, so as to be prejudicial to caveators; but rather, is merely part and parcel of the verbiage used to explain the principles of law applicable in this case. Nor did the reiteration of charges exhibit the court’s opinion of the case. The probate court had the duty to charge the jury on the law applicable to issues which were supported by the evidence.
Jones
*662
v. Sperau,
2. Caveators contend that in charging the jury that “[a] stringent standard must be met in order to set aside the Will, because to do so is to deprive a person of the valuable right to dispose of his property as he wishes,” the probate court improperly imposed a higher burden of proof on them. However, that is not the case. The “stringent standard” language did not heighten the burden of proof, but merely reminded the jury that a certain standard of proof had to be met in order to invalidate a will. The probate court clearly charged the jury on the respective evidentiary burdens of the parties. The “stringent standard” charge was a correct statement of the law.
Pope v. McWilliams,
3. Without citing any legal authority, caveators take issue with the probate court’s charge that “[e]ven evidence of a weak and vacillating mind is insufficient to raise a jury issue with respect to a testator’s capacity,” arguing that there was no need to instruct the jury as to whether the evidence raised a question for its resolution because the existence of a jury question was decided by the denial of Williamson’s motion for a directed verdict. But, such charge, which has support in the caselaw, see
Wilson v. Lane,
4. Caveators next challenge the probate court’s charge that “[a] person may be unable to transact business or even lack the mental capacity to contract, but may still have sufficient capacity to make a Will. A lunatic, during a lucid interval, may make a Will.” They argue that the charge was confusing because it was incomplete as it did not provide the jury with a definition of contractual capacity, and that the use of the term “lunatic” was archaic, and therefore, misleading.
First, while caveators orally requested a further charge on contractual capacity, they failed to submit a written request to charge a definition of capacity to contract until after the probate court had concluded its instruction to the jury, the jury had retired to deliberate, and counsel was lodging objections to the instruction. If caveators wished the court to elaborate on the subject of the capacity to make a contract and the distinction between capacity to contract and capacity to make a will, they should have filed a timely written request to do so.
Ward v. Morris,
As to the use of the term “lunatic,” caveators made no objection to it at the conclusion of the court’s instruction;
4
therefore, they may not now complain of it. OCGA § 5-5-24 (a);
Moody v. Dykes,
5. There is no merit to caveators’ complaint that it was error to charge the jury that [t]he indulgence of mere suspicion of undue influence cannot be allowed” because it was confusing as to the appropriate burden of proof. The charge is a correct statement of the law.
Harper v. Harper,
6. Finally, caveators’ contentions that the probate court erred in failing to give six of their requested jury charges are meritless.
6
Such requests either contained incorrect statements of law, were not adjusted to the facts of the case, or set forth principles of law that were sufficiently and substantially covered in the instruction given by the probate court.
Morrison v. Morrison,
Case No. S08X1390
7. The enumerations of error in the cross-appeal are properly addressed only in the event that caveators are successful in the main appeal; consequently, the cross-appeal is moot.
Judgment affirmed in Case No. S08A1389. Case No. S08X1390 is dismissed as moot.
Notes
On the same day and just prior to execution of the will, Dean placed all of his “real, tangible and intangible personal property” into the “Andrew Roderick Dean Revocable Trust.” Dean himself was the beneficiary under the trust; but, upon his death, the trust was to become irrevocable with the corpus of the trust to “be distributed outright and free of trust to my close, life-long friend, A. Kenneth Williamson.” The will contained a specific bequest and devise of the trust property to Williamson. Also, the will provided that should Williamson not survive Dean, the rest, residue, and remainder of Dean’s property was to go to Williamson’s daughters.
Caveators cite as objectionable such words and phrases as “force,” “coercion,” “paranoid,” “eccentric,” “absurd,” “senility,” and “destroy free agency.”
Following the language at issue, the court additionally charged:
Even an incapacity to contract is not inconsistent with the capacity to make a Will, as it takes a greater quantum or higher degree of mentality to make a contract than it does to make a Will. The weak have the same rights as the strong-minded to dispose of their property by Will and anything less than a total absence of mind does not destroy that capacity. If the testator has sufficient intellect to enable him to have a rational desire as to the disposition of his property, that is sufficient, and the condition of the testator’s mind at the time of the execution of the Will determines whether he can make a valid Will.
Such language was taken from Williamson’s request to charge number 18, and caveators’ only objections to this portion of the court’s jury instruction was the court “not giving an instruction on the mental capacity of contractual capacity,” and that it was “repetitive.”
This is not a situation in which review is warranted pursuant to OCGA § 5-5-24 (c).
The subject requests to charge are those numbered and captioned as follows:
Caveators’ Request to Charge No. 8 — “Undue Influence: Types of Evidence to be Considered”
Caveators’ Request to Charge No. 10 — “Incapacity Opens Door to Undue Influence”
Caveators’ Request to Charge No. 11 — “Undue Influence: Presumption When Beneficiary Not Natural Object of Testator’s Bounty”
Caveators’ Request to Charge No. 15 — “Confidential Relationship — Power of Attorney”
Caveators’ Request to Charge No. 16 — “Undue Influence: Natural Object of Bounty”
Caveators’ Request to Charge No. 19 (Paragraph 2) — “Undue Influence: Presumption When Confidential Relationship With Beneficiary and Testator of Weak Mentality.”