Kennedy v. Kennedy

Jun 15, 1987
Reporters:
, ,
Before:
Hennessey
Hennessey, C.J.

We are here concerned with the question of counsel fees under G. L. c. 215, § 34A, 1 in an action for contempt against a party for failure to obey a Probate Court support order. After finding the defendant husband, George, in contempt of such a support order, a probate judge included an award for counsel fees and expenses in a judgment of divorce after rescript. The plaintiff wife, Lillian, claims on appeal that the amount of the award is inadequate.

The litigation has been before the Appeals Court four times. See Kennedy v. Kennedy, 10 Mass. App. Ct. 113 (1980) [Kennedy I); Kennedy v. Kennedy, 17 Mass. App. Ct. 308 (1983) [Kennedy II]; Kennedy v. Kennedy, 20 Mass. App. Ct. 559 (1985) [Kennedy III]; Kennedy v. Kennedy, 23 Mass. App. Ct. 176 (1987) [Kennedy IV]. The background facts are narrated in Kennedy I at 114-115, ‍​​‌‌‌‌​​‌‌‌​​​​​‌‌​‌​‌‌​​‌​​​‌​​‌​​‌​​​​​​​​​‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​​​‌‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌​​​‌​‌​​​​‌‌‌​‌‌‌‍and in Kennedy II at 309-311. In Kennedy II, upon Lillian’s appeal, the Appeals Court remanded the case, suggesting that the judge could reconsider the question of attorneys’ fees. Upon remand, counsel for Lillian requested $31,897 for 588 hours of work by three lawyers over a period of five years. The judge allowed $5,300. Lillian appealed again. In Kennedy III, the Appeals Court ruled that the amount was inadequate and ordered that the amount be reconsidered and a fresh award made “upon findings” and that an award also be made for the appeal.

On remand after Kennedy III, Lillian sought attorneys’ fees and expenses in the total of $41,794.69 for all work done through and including the Kennedy III appeal. She filed affidavits which set forth the experience and qualifications of three attorneys representing her over a seven-year period, and claimed a total of approximately 698 hours of attorneys’ services at fees ranging from $40 to $90 per hour. The affidavit of an established Springfield attorney stated that the hourly charges were reasonable and consistent with customary charges in the area.

The probate judge awarded a total of $10,300 for all attorneys’ services, and $2,974 for other expenses, stating that there was no evidentiary hearing other than the submission of the plaintiff’s affidavits and bills and expenses, and he described the attorneys ’ detailed affidavits as “meager and lacking in detail and analysis.” However, he stated that he did not find the hourly rates requested by the ‍​​‌‌‌‌​​‌‌‌​​​​​‌‌​‌​‌‌​​‌​​​‌​​‌​​‌​​​​​​​​​‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​​​‌‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌​​​‌​‌​​​​‌‌‌​‌‌‌‍attorneys to be excessive or unreasonable. He stated that “counsel should have to look to their respective clients for any excess fees and expenses incurred or suffer the losses themselves due to the manner in which they litigated this case.” Once more the plaintiff appealed. The Appeals Court again reversed and itself set the fees and costs, ordering that Lillian is to have a total of $41,794.69 for the work through the Kennedy III appeal and $7,067.50 for the representation in Kennedy IV (the instant case), with interest to be calculated at the rate of six percent on the amount which should have been awarded, $41,794.69, from the date of the lower court’s judgment on January 23, 1986. We allowed the defendant’s application for further appellate review. We agree with the result and reasoning of the Appeals Court.

We turn first to the issue whether there was error in the judge’s award of attorneys’ fees. This matter rests in the discretion of the judge. Clifford v. Clifford, 354 Mass. 545, 548 (1968). His decision will be reversed only if it is clearly erroneous. Mahoney v. Gallagher, 11 Mass. App. Ct. 1038 (1981). We think the judge’s findings as to fees were clearly erroneous. The judge’s findings showed that he used unreliable and incomplete criteria in determining the issue (see Kennedy IV, supra at 182) as compared to the multiple factors which were relevant. See, e.g., Stratos v. Department of Pub. Welfare, 387 Mass. 312, 323 (1982); Robbins v. Robbins, 19 Mass. App. Ct. 538, 543 (1985). Also, in Kennedy III, ‍​​‌‌‌‌​​‌‌‌​​​​​‌‌​‌​‌‌​​‌​​​‌​​‌​​‌​​​​​​​​​‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​​​‌‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌​​​‌​‌​​​​‌‌‌​‌‌‌‍supra at 563-564, the matter was remanded by the Appeals Court for a redetermination of the fees, with “findings” by the judge. 2 Because the judge found that the hourly rates charged by the attorneys were reasonable, it is plain that he concluded that the amount of time the attorneys attributed to the litigation was unreasonable. His findings are inadequate to support this conclusion. On that basis alone, the award of fees cannot stand.

The remaining issue is whether it is appropriate for either the Appeals Court or this court to order judgment for fees in a corrected amount. The usual course upon reversal of an order for fees is to remand the matter for reconsideration by the judge. See, e.g., Kennedy II and Kennedy III. Otherwise, a persuasive argument may be made that the appellate court is inappropriately substituting its judgment for that of the trial judge. However, this is not a usual case. It is unusual in that the Appeals Court has had extensive and prolonged experience with it. In these special circumstances it is fitting (indeed common sense requires) that the Appeals Court should reach factual conclusions as to an appropriate award, and that this court in turn should rely upon the decision and reasoning of the Appeals Court. “The effort put forth by counsel here was commensurate with the important interests at stake and the amount of opposition interposed by the defendant. To rule otherwise would be to ‍​​‌‌‌‌​​‌‌‌​​​​​‌‌​‌​‌‌​​‌​​​‌​​‌​​‌​​​​​​​​​‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​​​‌‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌​​​‌​‌​​​​‌‌‌​‌‌‌‍condone and encourage obstructionist tactics. . . . For us to remand the case for reconsideration once again would be neither in the interest of the parties nor the administration of justice. Because of the numerous appeals, we are in as good a position as the trial judge, and in a better position than any other judge of the Probate Court who might be designated, to determine a reasonable award” (footnote omitted). Kennedy IV, supra at 182.

Accordingly, judgment for fees and costs is to be entered in the total of $41,794.69 for the work through the Kennedy III appeal and $7,067.50 for the representation in the instant appeal, with interest to be calculated at the rate of six percent on the amount which should have been awarded, $41,794.69, from the date of the lower court’s judgment on January 23, 1986. These sums are added to the amount subject to the attachment of the defendant’s pension, with the total outstanding attorneys’ fees and arrearages payable from the pension and from any other of the defendant’s assets at a rate to be “set at the maximum of [George’s] reasonable capacity to pay . . . within a sensibly finite period of time.” Any proceedings necessary to enforce payment are to be brought in the Probate Court.

So ordered.

Notes

1

General Laws c. 215, § 34A, fourth paragraph, inserted by St. 1982, c. 282, provides: “In entering a judgment of contempt for failure to comply with an order or judgment ‍​​‌‌‌‌​​‌‌‌​​​​​‌‌​‌​‌‌​​‌​​​‌​​‌​​‌​​​​​​​​​‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​​​‌‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌​​​‌​‌​​​​‌‌‌​‌‌‌‍for monetary payment, there shall be a presumption that the plaintiff is entitled to receive from the defendant, in addition to the judgment on monetary arrears, all of his reasonable attorney’s fees and expenses relating to the attempted resolution, initiation and prosecution of the complaint for contempt. The contempt judgment so entered shall include reasonable attorney’s fees and expenses unless the probate judge enters specific findings that such attorney’s fee and expenses shall not be paid by the defendant.”

2

Because the Appeals Court in Kennedy III expressly required that findings be made, we need not consider the premise that the “presumption” language of G. L. c. 215, § 34A, makes explanatory findings by the judge requisite in the case. See Kennedy IV, supra at 181.