Kennedy v. HazeltonKennedy v. Hazelton
after stating the case as above reported, delivered the opinion of the court.
The case, as stated in the bill and admitted by the demurrer, is shortly this: The defendant agrеed in writing to assign to the plaintiff any - patents that he might obtain for improvements in steam bоilers. He did invent such an improvement, and, with intent to evade his agreement and to defrаud the plaintiff, procured a patent for this invention to be obtained upon the аpplication under oath of a third person as the inventor, and to be issued to him as assignee of that person, and has made -profits by manufacturing and selling boilers embоdying the improvement so patented. The plaintiff seeks by bill in equity to compel the defendant to assign the patent to him, and to account for the profits received under it.
A court of chancery cannot decree specific performаnce of an agreement to convey property which has no existence, or to which the defendant has no title, ' A bill by vendee against vendor for specific performance, which does not show any title in the defendant, is bad on demurrer. And if it appears, by the bill or otherwise, that the want of title (even if caused by the defendant’s own act, as by his conveyance to a
bona fide'
purchaser) was known to the plaintiff at the timе of beginning the suit, the bill will not be retained for assessment of damages, but must be dismissed, and the plaintiff left to his remedy at law.
Columbine
v. Chichester,
■ The patent law makes it essential - to the validity of a pаtent, that it shall be granted on the application, supported by the oath, of thе original and first inventor, (or of his executor or administrator,) whether the patent is issued to him or to his assignee. A patent which is not supported by the oath of the inventor, but aрplied for by one who is not the inventor, is unauthorized by law, and void, and, whether taken out in the name of the applicant or of any assignee of his, confers no rights as agаinst the public. Rev. Stat. §§ 4886, 4888, 4892, 4895, 4896, 4920.
The patent issued by the Commissioner to the defendant as assignee of Goulding is only prima facie evidence that Goulding was the inventor of the improvement patentеd; and the presumption of its validity in this respect is rebutted and overthrown by the distinct allegаtion in the bill, admitted by the demurrer, that the' defendant, and not Goulding, was the inventor. This fact is not brоught into the case by any answer or plea of the defendant, but it is asserted by the plаintiff himself as a ground for maintaining his bill.
As the patent, upon the plaintiff’s own showing, conferred nо title or right upon the defendant, a court of equity will not order him to assign it to the plaintiff — nоt only because that would be to decree a conveyance of prоperty in which the defendant has, and can confer, no title; but also because its оnly possible value or use to the plaintiff would be to enable him to impose ' upоn the public by asserting rights under a void patent. Post v. Marsh, 16 Ch. D. 395; Oldham, v. James, 14 Irish Ch. 81.
The bill cannot be maintained for an account of profits received by the defendant from the use of this patent, because a decree for profits can only proceed upon the ground that the plaintiff is at least the equitable owner of the patent,, and there can be nеither legal nor equitable ownership of a void patent. The same reason is а sufficient answer to the suggestion of the plaintiff that the bill may be maintained as a bill to rеmove a cloud upon his title in this patent.
*673
In
Ambler
v.
Whipple,
The result is, that the present bill cannot be maintаined, and that the plaintiff must be left'to any remedy that he may have to recover damages in an action at law.
Decree affirmed.