28 S.D. 94 | S.D. | 1911
This is an appeal by the defendant from a judgment entered in favor of the plaintiff.. The action was instituted apparently under the. provisions of chapter 215 of the Laws of 1907. The complaint, after alleging the incorporation of the defendant, that it was engaged in the business of transporting passengers and freight within this state, that the plaintiff was the owner of a certain quarter section of land in Lincoln county, over which the railroad was constructed, and that certain hay and grass thereon owned by the plaintiff was destroyed by fire caused by defendant’s locomotive, in its -seventh paragraph, alleges; “That the defendant was negligent, in that its engine which caused the said fire was not properly constructed, so as to prevent the escape of sparks, and was out of repair; and the screens for the prevention of the escape of fire and sparks were out of repair to such a degree that sparks escaped therefrom and flew over the right of way of the defendant, and set fire to the meadow and growing clover crop and stacked hay of the plaintiff. That on the defendant’s right of way was large quantities of dry, dead grass, and other combustible rubbish, allowed by the defendant to accumulate. That the engine of the defendant, so carelessly constructed and out of repair, set fire to said dead grass and rubbish on the defendant’s right of way, and the defendant carelessly and negligently allowed it to escape therefrom, and to spread onto the meadow of the plaintiff, and to burn the same, together with his hay and second crop of clover. That the defendant was generally negligent in the operation of its said engine touching the
Plaintiff further alleges, in substance, that he was damaged by reason of the setting fire to his meadow and burning of a stack of hay, and that he served notice in writing upon the defendant, as provided in chapter 215 of the Session Laws of 1907, and that the defendant has refused to pay the amount claimed, and demands judgment for the amount of his damage.
The defendant,-in its answer, denies generally and specifically all of the allegation's of the complaint, except the fact of its incorporation and operation of its road over the quarter section of land described in’ plaintiff’s complaint; and for an affirmative defense alleges: That chapter 2x5 of the Session Laws of this state for the year 1907, under which the plaintiff seeks to recover double damages, is unconstitutional and void. The trial was had before the court and a jury, and the jury returned a verdict in favor of the plaintiff for the sum of $100, and judgment was thereupon rendered by the court for double the amount so found by the jury in favor of the plaintiff.
The material provisions of the act are as follows: “Each railroad corporation owning or operating a railroad in this state shall be responsible in damages to every person and corporation whose property may be injured or destroyed by fire communicated directly or indirectly by locomotive engines in use upon the railroad owned or operated by such railroad corporation, or by the burning of grass, weeds or rubbish on right of way by employes of such corporation. * * * Whenever the property owned by any person or corporation shall be injured or destroyed by fire communicated by locomotives in use upon any railroad owned or operated by a railroad corporation, or by the burning of grass, weeds and rubbish on the right of way by employes of such corporation, so as to render the railroad corporation liable, under section i of this act, or otherwise, the owner of such property injured or destroyed may recover damages for such loss, and to recover the same it shall only be necessary for him to prove the loss of or injury to his property. If such corporation fails or neglects to pay such damage within sixty days after notice in writing that a loss or injury has occurred, * * * such owner shall be entitled to recover from the corporation double the amount of damages actually sustained by him in any court of competent jurisdiction. * * * ”
It will be observed that in the title of the act the only subject referred to is “double the amount of damages incurred from loss of property,” and that there is nothing in the title referring to that part of the act which relieves the party damaged from his common-law duty to allege and prove negligence on the part of the defendant in causing the damage. It will, however, be observed by the provisions of the first section, and the clause in
As will be observed by the reading of the title of the act, no reference is made or intimation given that the act contains any provision relieving the plaintiff from his common-law liability, or making the defendant railway corporation liable, without proving that it has been guilty of negligence in operating its road, or in the use of defective or unsuitable locomotives. The title of the act, therefore, is not broad enough to include the provisions relieving a party from the duty of proving negligence on the part of the railway company, in order to entitle him to recover damages claimed to have been suffered by him, caused by fire, as provided in the act; and hence so much of the act as purports to relieve the party damaged from proving negligence on the part of the defendant to entitle him to recover must be held unconstitutional and void.
The provisions contained in section 21 of article 3 of our Constitution have been incorporated into the constitutions of most of the states, and the necessity of such a provision is so fully and clearly stated in .the opinion of this court, in State v. Morgan, 2 S. D. 32, 48 N. W. 314, and in State v. Becker, 3 S. D. 29, 51 N. W. 1018, that a further discussion of the propriety of such a provision need not be further considered.
And a further qualification may be added. A statute, unconstitutional in part, cannot be upheld as to the remainder, unless •the latter is in itself a complete law, capable of enforcement, and such as the Legislature, it may be presumed, would have passed without the rejected portions. McDermont v. Dinnie, 6 N. D. 278, 60 N. W. 294.
It clearly appears from a careful examination of the act we are considering that the provisions of the act for doubling the amount of damages recovered remain complete in themselves, and capable of being executed in accordance with the apparent legislative intent, wholly independent of the provisions held unconstitutional. The intent of the Legislature to provide for doubling the damages, “whenever the property owned by any person or corporation shall be injured or destroyed by fire communicated by
In the case of Bekker v. White River Valley Ry. Co., 28 S. D. —, 132 N. W. 797, recently decided by this court, it was held that the provision of chapter 218 of the Daws of 1907, in so far as it requires railroad companies to pay double damages incurred from loss of live stock killed or injured, is constitutional, but that so much of the statute as relieves the party plaintiff from proving negligence in the killing of the stock by the railway company is unconstitutional. The court therefore reversed the judgment in that case, for the reason that the trial court in its charge to the jury improperly instructed them as to the facts necessary for the plaintiff to prove to entitle him to recover.
The learned author, in a note (page 430), restates the rule as follows: “Where an appeal to this court is to be determined 011 the judgment roll alone, all intendments will be in support of the judgment, and all proceedings necessary to its validity will be presumed to have been regularly taken. If the error relied on to destroy such presumptions consists in matters dehors the record, such matters must be brought to this court by a bill of exceptions, or other appropriate method. If any matters could have been presented to the court below which would have authorized the entry of this judgment, it will be presumed that such matters were presented, and that the judgment was entered in accordance therewith” — citing Caruthers v. Hensley, 90 Col. 559, 27 Pac. 411.
The law as above stated has been approved by this court, and by the former territorial court. Searls v. Knapp, 5 S. D. 325, 58 N. W. 807; Gress v. Evans, 1 Dak. 387, 46 N. W. 1132; Myers v. Mitchell, 1 S. D. 249, 46 N. W. 245; Merrill v. Luce, 6 S. D. 354, 61 N. W. 43. See, also, Parkinson v. Thompson, 164 Ind. 609, 73 N. E. 109.
.The judgment of the circuit court is affirmed.