Billy William KELSEY, Appellant, v. The STATE of Oklahoma, Appellee
No. F-85-507
Court of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma
Sept. 23, 1987
The judgment of the Court of Appeals is vacated. The trial court is reversed and the matter is remanded to the trial court with directions to enter judgment in favor of the Department for the full amount of its lien and such other proceedings as may be necessary to effect this judgment.
DOOLIN, C.J., HARGRAVE, V.C.J., and LAVENDER, SIMMS, OPALA, ALMA WILSON and SUMMERS, JJ., concur.
HODGES and KAUGER, JJ., disqualified.
Michael C. Turpen, Atty. Gen., Jean M. LeBlanc, Asst. Atty. Gen., Oklahoma City, for appellee.
OPINION
PARKS, Judge:
The appellant, Billy William Kelsey, was tried by jury аnd convicted of First Degree Rape (
Appellant was tried for raping his ten-year-old stepdaughter, D.K., on the morning of June 25, 1983. At trial, eleven-year-old D.K. testified that she complied with the appellant‘s request to gо to the basement, take off her clothes and lie on a mattress, because she believed otherwise he would force her to comply. She testified that the appellant took off his clothes, put Pond‘s Cold Cream on his “private self,” laid on top of her, “tried to stick it up in the front, but it hurt. And he made me turn around and he put it all the way in at the back.” Dr. Malcolm Bridwell did a rape examination of D.K. on June 25, 1983. Dr. Bridwell testified that D.K. was anxious, and that he found irritation of the vagina, a mucous discharge, and an absent hymen. He prepared slides of the mucous discharge, which revealed the presence of sperm when viewed undеr a microscope. He found no evidence of rectal penetration. The victim‘s brother, B.K., testified that he heard the appellant tell D.K. to go to the basement and, when he heard “something bang rеal loud ... I thought he was hurting her,” B.K. called the police.
Officer Russell Tate of the Hobart Police Department testified that he responded to a call by the victim‘s fourteen-year-old brother, B.K., to investigate a possible criminal complaint. Officer Tate observed a jar of cold cream near the mattress where the rape was said to have occurred, and also saw greasy hand prints on the mаttress. Elaine Casida, a DHS Child Welfare Worker accompanied Officer Tate to the Kelsey residence. Ms. Casida observed greasy handprints and a quantity of pubic hair on the mattress.
In his first assignment of error, аppellant claims that he was denied effective assistance of counsel at trial. Appellant asserts that his trial counsel‘s performance was deficient for three reasons: (1) he conсeded his client‘s guilt during his opening statement and closing argument, citing Wiley v. Sowders, 647 F.2d 642, 650 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 1091, 102 S.Ct. 656, 70 L.Ed.2d 630 (1981), and Francis v. Spraggins, 720 F.2d 1190, 1194 (11th Cir. 1983), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1059, 105 S.Ct. 1776, 84 L.Ed.2d 835 (1985); (2) he failed to ask the judge to strike Dr. Bridwell‘s testimony that he believed the stories told by alleged victims of sexual abuse until proven otherwise, or to requеst that the jury be admonished to disregard the testimony; and (3) he was inadequate in his cross-examination of the victim and Elaine Casida. With regard to the claim that trial counsel conceded appellant‘s guilt, we find that Wiley and Francis are clearly distinguishable from the instant case, since they involved affirmative concessions of guilt by defense counsel during closing argument. In this case, the comments made by defense counsel are more properly characterized as pleas for leniency “if” the jury found the appellant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, rather than as a concession of guilt. Moreover, defense counsel stressed that the State was required to prove the appellant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, and specifically argued fifteen (15) “areas of reasonable doubt.” On the basis of the foregoing, we believe that the instant case is distinguishable from Collis v. State, 685 P.2d 975, 976 (Okla. Crim. App. 1984), where
In his second assignment of error, appellant argues that the trial court erred in failing to inquire into the competence of the eleven-year-old viсtim to testify under
In his third assignment, appellant complains that he was denied a fair trial by improper questioning and argument by the prosecutor. During cross-examination of the appellant, the prosеcutor stated: “I submit ... that you raped your daughter.” Defense counsel‘s objection was sustained. No admonishment was requested or given. A majority of this Court has held that in addition to a timely objection, trial counsel must request that the trial court admonish the jury, in order to preserve the record for appellate review. Reid v. State, 733 P.2d 1355, 1356 (Okla. Crim. App. 1987). This writer wrote a separate opinion in Reid disagreeing with the majority‘s position. See Reid, supra, at 1356-57 (Parks, J., Specially Concurring). See also 1 L. Whinery, Guide to the Oklahoma Evidence Code 20 (1985) (criticizing the сontinuation of this pre-Code requirement). It appears that my brother Judge Brett now agrees with my position. Therefore, we hereby overrule Reid and all other previous cases to the extent that they require a request for an admonishment, in addition to a timely specific objection, in order to preserve the record for appellate review. The remark was clearly improper as an exрression of the prosecutor‘s personal opinion that the appellant was guilty of the crime charged. See ABA Standards for Criminal Justice, The Prosecution Function, § 3-5.8(b). The trial court properly sustainеd defense counsel‘s timely objection to the improper remark. While we strongly admonish prosecutors to refrain from such improper comments and note that such comments may warrant a reversаl or modification in a close case, we cannot say that this one comment was so improper as to have influenced the jury‘s verdict as to guilt or punishment in light of the evidence. An objection to thе prosecutor‘s statement for the jury to “tell the people of this county what kind of punishment should be assessed ...,” was overruled. Appellant urges that this remark constituted an improper appeal tо societal alarm in violation of Cooper v. State, 584 P.2d 234, 239 (Okl. Cr. 1978). This comment does not come close to the egregious level of the societal alarm comments found to require modification in Cooper. The other comments complained of were either reasonable comments based on the evidence, or were not met with a contemporaneous specific objection and, having found that none of the comments arose to the level of fundamental error, they are considered waived. See McLeod v. State, 725 P.2d 877, 881 (Okla. Crim. App. 1986). This assignment of error is without merit.
Appellant claims in his fourth assignment of error that he was denied a fair trial by not being present when the trial
Appellant next claims that the trial court abusеd its discretion in failing to invoke the rule of sequestration “even though the rule was not called for until the fourth State witness.” Initially, we note that the State called a total of six witnesses in their case in chief, and onе witness in rebuttal. Title
In his final assignment of error, appellant urges that his right to due process of law was violated by having the resolution of guilt or innocence and punishment considered in a singlе proceeding. Appellant‘s argument appears to be that bifurcated proceedings should be required in all criminal proceedings, not just “capital” cases or “after former convictiоn” cases. A majority of this Court has previously rejected similar arguments, refusing to extend the bifurcated trial requirement to non-capital cases, holding that such a change was within the province of the Legislature. Reed v. State, 657 P.2d 662, 666 (Okla. Crim. App. 1983). In the absence of relevant authority to the contrary, this writer agrees with the majority‘s position in Reed, that such a claim falls within the sphere of the Legislature. This assignment is without merit.
Accordingly, for all of the foregoing reasons, the judgment and sentence is AFFIRMED.
BRETT, P.J., specially concurs.
BUSSEY, J., concurs in results.
BRETT, Presiding Judge, specially concurring:
I concur in this decision. Further, I agree that