This is an action instituted by plaintiff, an employee of General Electric Company, under the Federal Employers’ Liability Act, 45 U.S.C.A. § 51 et seq., to recover for injuries sustained when he was run down by a switching engine, owned and operated by the defendant, on its tracks within the confines of its plant at 69th Street and Elmwood Avenue, Philadеlphia, Pennsylvania. The matter is presently before me on defendant’s motion for judgment on the ground that the complaint fails to set forth a cause of action under the Federal Employers’ Liability Act in that the defendant is not a common carrier by railroad engaged in commerce between the states. The facts have been presented by affidavits in support of and in opposition to the motion, depositions, and answers to interrogatories. The only question before me at this time is whether General Electric Company, plaintiff’s employer, is a common carrier by railroad engaged in cоmmerce between the states. If it is not, the defendant is entitled to judgment on the ground that the complaint fails to set forth a cause of action under the aforesaid statute. I conclude that the defendant General Electric Company is not a common carrier by railroad and accordingly is entitlеd to judgment in its favor.
The controversy is as to the proper legal conclusion to be drawn from the following undisputed factual situation. General Electric Company at its aforesaid plant is engaged in the business of manufacturing, rebuilding and repairing electrical equipment and other products. As part оf its plant equipment it has a system of internal trackage, some 2.17 miles in length, 2 switching engines used in moving cars within the confines of the plant, 9 specially constructed cars which it rents to rail carriers for the transportation of defendant’s products, and 10 other cars used for the housing arid exhibition of defendant’s prоducts. Defendant’s internal tracks are connected with a siding of the Pennsylvania Railroad, also located within the confines of defendant’s plant. Cars are delivered by the Pennsylvania Railroad to the said siding and thereafter removed and distributed throughout the plant by the switching engines of the defendant. Occаsionally cars containing less than carload shipments are delivered to the siding. The cars are then removed by the defendant to its buildings, its portion of the freight removed, and the cars returned to the siding for delivery by the Pennsylvania Railroad to other consignees. It appears further that most of the produсts shipped by the defendant are shipped F.O.B. plant.
' Plaintiff ■ contends that the above related facts establish General Electric Compаny as a common carrier . by .railroad within the purview of the Federal Employers’ Liability Act.;
A common carrier has been defined generally as one who holds himself out to the public as engaged in the business of transportation ' of ' persons or property from place .to place for' compensation, offering his- services to the public generally. The distinctive characteristic of a common .carrier is that he undertakes to carry for all people indifferently, and hence is regarded in some respects ás a public servant. The dominant and controlling factor in determining the status оf one as a common carrier is his public profession as to the service offered or performed. 9 American Jurisprudence, 430, 431, and cases there cited.
. The defendant has by affidavit in support of its motion for, judgment-stated that it is in the business of the manufacture and sale .of electrical equipment, that it owns a few pieces of rolling, stock which it rents tо .rail common carriers, that it pays to rail common carriers the same -tariffs for transportation of its goods-in its own cars as it does for transportation of its goods in cars not owned by it, that it moves cars within its plant solely for the purpose of loading and unloading goods shipped by, to, or for the use of the defendant, that it does not transport the goods of others for hire, that it maintains no facilities for so transporting goods of others, that it does not hold itself out to the public as a common carrier, that it issues no bills-of-lading, that it makes no charges for and receives no compensation from any source for use of its tracks or other facilities, that it holds no franchise, license, or peiunit from the United States or any: of its agencies or of any State as a common Carrier by railroad, that it maintains a system of trackage on its own property for its own convenience and necessity in the conduct of its business of manufacturing-, rebuilding and repairing electrical equipment and other products.
There has been no showing by'the plaintiff that the defendant General Electric Company -comes 'within the terms of the general definitions-of a common■ carrier above set forth. There is no showing that General Electric Company holds itself out generally to the public as offering services of transportation for hire,’ nor is there a showing that defendant engages in “carrying for hire the goods of those who see fit to employ them,” U.S. v. Louisiana & P.R. Co.,
All these factors were considered in an application by General Electric Company to
Plaintiff has .advanced two. additional arguments in support of its, contention that General Electric Company is a common carrier by railroad. First, he contends that, under Pennsylvania' law all private sidetracks connected with tracks of a common carrier are impressed with a public use, citing Lehigh Navigation Coal Co. v. Public Utility Commission,
“It is the right of the public to use the road’s facilities and to demand service of it, rather than the extent of its business, which is the real criterion determinative of its character.”
From the context of the above quotation it is clear that the Supreme Court had reference to “facilities” as the word was used in Lehigh Navigation Coal Co. v. P. U. C., supra, in its all inclusive sense as meaning tracks, engines, etc. Indeed, it is this broad concept of the term “facilities” which underlies the theory of public use under Pennsylvania law, i. e., that such tracks when constructed and connected with tracks of a common carrier become a part of the “facilities” of the railroad to which connected. Whether the import of the holding of the Lehigh Navigation-Coal Co. case is that all of the internal trackagesystem of General- Electric Company is subject to public use or only that portion of the trackage which constitutes - the .Pennsylvania Railroad siding is not entirely clear, but the most that can be said-for-such -a" ruling is that it .impresses General Electric trаcks with a public use: as - part of the Pennsylvania Railroad facilities, which is not the same as constituting General Electric Company a common carrier by railroad. Furthermore, plaintiff has ignored the portion of the quotation which sets forth as part of the test the:right of the public to “demand servicе” of General Electric Company. There is nothing to indicate that the public could - demand service of General Electric Company with' respect to -its -switching engines and other facilities. ■
The other argument advanced is that General Electric Cpmpany" cónstfucted tracks in the bed of 'a public street and since only a common carrier may exercise a right of eminent domain for that purpose, citing Barker v. Hartman Steel Co.,
The other cases cited by-plaintiff afford him no comfort, they seem to support rather the position of the defendant and the conclusions which I have reached. For example, Crane Railroad Co. v. Central Railroad Co. of New Jersey,
Plaintiff cites also U.S. v. California,
With regard to plaintiff’s contention that the defendant carries goods of others in that it ships its products F. O. B. plant, little need be said. . I assume that the same situation obtains in the case of every plant facility. It is cleаr that General Electric Company moves only its own products and ■ whether or not title" has passed when General Electric, moves those products over its own tracks to Pennsylvania Railroad’s siding that service is rendered solely for the convenience of the defendant and no separate charge.is made therefor. With respect to the movement of the goods of other consignees of less than carload shipments in cars containing partial shipments to or from General Electric Company, the only movements that are made by the defendant are those for its own convenience and benefit. They add nothing to the service rendered by the common carrier to the other consignees and no charge is made for those movements by General Electric Company. Certainly it could not be contended that the other consignees of less than carload shipments have a right to demand that General Electric Company perform those services. It would appear beyond question that the defendant could refuse to move such cars and could unload its consignments of freight from the Pennsylvania Railroad’s siding without moving the cars containing less than carload shipments.
For the reasons set forth above, the conclusion is inescapable that the defendant General Electric Company is not a common carrier by railroad engaged in commerce between the states, that plaintiff has no right of action against it under the Federal Employers’ Liability Act and, therefore, defendant is entitled to judgment in its favor. An order will be entered accordingly-