51 A.2d 715 | Pa. | 1946
Linda M. Keiser, a widow, brought this suit in trespass against Philadelphia Transportation Company and City of Philadelphia to recover damages for personal injuries sustained by her in a fall while crossing an icy street intersection. The jury returned a verdict against both defendants. The learned court below granted the motion of the Transportation Company for judgment n. o. v., but refused the motions of the city for a new trial and for judgment n. o. v., and judgments were accordingly entered. These appeals by Mrs. Keiser and City of Philadelphia followed.
Construing the testimony in the light most favorable to plaintiff, as we are bound to do, the following facts appear: Greene Street, in the Germantown section of Philadelphia, runs north and south, and is intersected by Upsal Street on the east side only, forming a "T" crossing. Waters from both streets drain into this intersection. At the southeast corner thereof, the contour of the paving is such as to form a slight depression. A street sewer is located on Greene Street near this corner. On February 6, 1945, when this accident occurred, the sewer was completely clogged and covered with ice. The ice extended over the curb and upon a large portion of the sidewalk. There was testimony that mounds or ridges of ice, varying from four to at least eight inches in height, were upon the entire crossing. For about six or seven weeks prior to the happening of the accident this dangerous obstruction to traffic was substantially unchanged.
About eight-forty-five the morning of the accident, plaintiff, fifty-eight years of age, was walking across Upsal Street from the southeast to the northeast corner of this intersection. She was on her way from her home to her work in downtown Philadelphia. She said she was proceeding slowly and looking where she was going, and that when she reached a point on the crosswalk six or eight feet from the southeast corner, she slipped "on *369 a ridge of ice" and fell to the street, sustaining serious and painful injuries.
In her appeal, Mrs. Keiser raises but one question — Was it error to grant the motion of the Transportation Company for judgment, notwithstanding the verdict? While no duty devolved upon that company to keep the streets in a safe condition, it nevertheless was its practice, in order to keep its buses in operation after a heavy snow, to use snow plows or sweepers on Greene Street. The negligence she alleged was that these plows or sweepers had forced snow or ice from the intersection upon the crosswalk where the accident occurred. Plaintiff failed, however, to produce any evidence as to the quantity of snow and ice which was thus forced upon the crosswalk at the precise spot where it was piled, or whether any snow or ice had been placed in this manner at the point where plaintiff fell. Obviously, it was essential to show that some snow or ice was forced by the company's employees upon the crosswalk at the point where the accident happened, inasmuch as the crosswalk was forty-four feet long and twelve feet wide, and it was not claimed that snow and ice had thus been spread over the entire crosswalk. Furthermore, at least several days had elapsed between the time the company last operated its plows or sweepers over the intersection and Mrs. Keiser fell, and in the meantime the normal flow of vehicular traffic, which was heavy, probably changed the contour of any snow or ice. Plaintiff failed to make out a prima facie case against the Transportation Company. Her evidence was vague and entirely insufficient to show any negligence on the part of that company, and, therefore, it was obligatory upon the court below to grant its motion for judgment n. o. v.
Defendant, City of Philadelphia, bases its appeals on two main contentions: (1) that no negligence on its part caused plaintiff's injuries; and (2) plaintiff must be declared contributorily negligent as a matter of law. *370
Much evidence was presented by plaintiff to show that the entire crossing, as well as the nearby sewer, was covered with ridges of ice, varying from four to at least eight inches in height. The testimony, if true, shows that plaintiff's fall was due to a dangerous accumulation of ice and snow permitted to exist by the municipality for a period of six or seven weeks. A stoppage of the sewer materially contributed to this hazardous situation. It was the municipality's duty, within a reasonable time, to open its sewer and to remove the accumulated ice and snow from the crosswalk. The city had at least constructive notice of this condition. Under the circumstances, the question of the city's negligence was properly submitted to the jury.
The municipality did not seriously question that a negligent condition existed at the crossing at the time of the accident, nor could it successfully do so. It argues rather that that negligence was not the proximate cause of plaintiff's injury, basing its contention on the claim that she did not describe the specific ridge of ice which caused her to fall. The evidence adduced by plaintiff, if believed by the jury, not only shows the general dangerous condition of the crosswalk, but also that the precise place where she fell "on a ridge of ice" was "full of ridges and mounds", some of which were "about eight inches . . . some were about four or five." This was a sufficiently clear description of the condition which caused Mrs. Keiser to fall. Plaintiff's evidence was ample to show that her fall was due to ice, four to at least eight inches in thickness, upon the crosswalk which directly resulted from the negligence of the city in permitting its sewer to be clogged and such a quantity of ice and snow to remain on the crosswalk for such a long period. Under the facts of this case, a recovery may be sustained, whether the ice was smooth, rough or in ridges: Kohler v. Penn Township,
In Fritzky v. Pittsburgh,
The city's other contention is that plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligence as a matter of law, inasmuch as the accident happened in daylight and she knew of the icy condition of the street. Negligence may be declared as a matter of law only when it is so clearly revealed that fair and reasonable persons cannot disagree as to its existence: Carden v. Phila.Transp. Co.,
In Holbert v. Philadelphia,
We have carefully examined all the assignments of error and find no merit in them.
Judgments affirmed.