From a decree dismissing bis bill plaintiff has appealed. The substantial grounds of relief alleged were that, after this Court had in O’Connor v. O'Connor, 45 W. Va. 354, in effect' adjudged him entitled to a decree enforcing his contract with O’Connor of 1893 for the purchase of a tract of 205 acres of land. in Randolph county, and the judgment of this Court reversing the final decree in that cause had been certified to the circuit court for further proceedings, he employed the defendants Scott and Cobb, attorneys, to represent him as counsel in the further proceedings in that cause and in certain other litigation pending in said court, substantially upon the terms that if the title to said land should finally be adjudged in him they would pay off and discharge for him the vendor’s lien for the purchase money in favor of O’Con-nor as ascertained, and, out of the proceeds of the sale of the land they were authorized to make with his approval, after first reimbursing themselves for the money so advanced, retain one fourth of the residue as compensation for their legal services and turn over the remaining three-fourths to him; that on September 14, 1899, to enable the said Scott and Cobb to carry out said contract and to secure them for their services and the advancement to discharge said lien, he conveyed said land to them, by deed absolute on its face, yet with the agreement that it was to operate in the nature of a trust for the purposes stated; that afterwards, January 10, 1900, after said cause of O’Connor v. O’Connor had been referred to a commissioner, Scott and Cobb .filed his answer therein; that, by a decree of October 18, 1900, upon saianswer, said 205 acres was confirmed in him, on the basis of his contract of 1893, but decreeing in favor of O’Connor the balance of purchase money, $2,188.71; that subsequently, March 9, 1901, in his absence and without notice to him, at a special term thereof, said court, on the ex parte petition of Scott and Cobb, modified said former decree by adjudging them entitled to said land by reason of said deed from the plaintiff to them, and appointing W. B. Maxwell commis
Besides their demurrer overruled, Scott and Cobb answered. They admit the original rights of the plaintiff to the land as alleged and decreed, but deny that their contract with him as was alleged in the bill, but, on the contrary, say it was expressly agreed between them and him that, for their services in said O’Connor cause and in other litigation pending-in which Keenan was interested, they should have absolutely said 205 acres of land, subject to the lien of the purchase money, in case the title to the same should be declared to be in him; that at the time of making said contract with Keenan they “were not his attorneys in any matters of litigation as to which they were at that time retained,” but under their contract agreed to act as his counsel thereafter. They allege that among the cases in which they were to represent the plaintiff was an action against the Roaring Creek Coal & Coke Company for damages for timber cut from said land, which they then regarded as of more value than the land itself subject to said lien; and that at the time of their employment, instead of agreeing to take as a contingent fee the land subject to said lien, they requested plaintiff to give them as such fee whatever he might recover in said action, which he
The Junior Coal Company also answered, defending as an innocent purchaser without notice, admitting that the price paid Scott for his interest in said land was as recited in his deed, but refusing, in deference to the wishes of Cobb, to disclose the price paid him unless required by the court.
Upon the issues made on these pleadings, the testimony of Keenan, Scott, Cobb and Maxwell, the only witnesses, is most conflicting on the question as to what was the real understanding at the time of the execution of the deed by the plaintiff to Scott and Cobb September 14, 1899. Scott and Cobb concur in their testimony that this deed was intended as an absolute conveyance; but there are documentary papers and strong cir
The view we take of the case makes it turn upon the true relationship existing between the plaintiff and Scott and Cobb on September 14, 1899, the date of said deed. If, as matter of law, they then stood in the relationship of attorneys and client, the principles applicable in such cases must control. The bill does not as plainly as it might allege what the answer of the defendants and the uncontradicted evidence disclose — the result of the negotiations preceding the execution of said deed — although by its averments it implies an agreement consummated preceding the execution of the deed. Keenan and Scott in their testimony concur in the fact that prior to the execution of the deed Scott and Cobb proposed, after they had agreed to represent him, to take in payment, an assignment of the timber claim, to which both Scott and Cobb say Keenan consented, and that Scott prepared a contract evidencing such agreement. Scott and Cobb say, however, that Keenan subsequently refused to execute this assignment; Keenan, that he was ready to execute it, but was pur-
We will inquire, then: When did this professional relation commence? On this subject, it is said by Weeks on Attorneys, section 183: “The result of a desire on the part of the client to employ an attorney in and about his business or litigation, and of a corresponding consent on the part of the attorney to act for the client in a professional capacity, is the retainer of the attorney, either express or implied, by the party, from which time the professional relation is established.” “An attorney may be employed without for-malties of any kind. The contract may be made by parol, and is often largely implied from the acts of the parties. Neither is the relation dependent upon the paj^ment of fees. It may exist between two parties, though a third person pays for the attorney’s services, or though such services were rendered by the attorney gratuitously.” 4 Cyc. 927. “The relation of attorney and client commences from the date of employment of the attorney; that is, from the time when the agreement or contract by which the attorney is retained is consummated. The contract of employment, as in other cases, consists of a mere offer or request by the client and an acceptance or assent by the attorney, either or both of which may be implied.” 3 Am. &Eng. Enc. 316.
In Eoff v. Irvine, (Mo.), 32 Am. St. 609, one of the disputed facts was whether the relation of attorney and client existed. The evidence was that the plaintiff and one Stevens,
These authorities, and many others which might be cited, are coñclusive of the proposition that, as soon as the client has expressed a desire to employ an attorney, and there has been a ' corresponding consent on the part of the attorney to act for him in a professional capacity, the relation of attorney and client has been established, and that all dealings thereafter between them relating to the subject of the employment will be governed by the rule applicable to such relation. It
This relationship having been established between plaintiff and Scott and Cobb prior to the date of the deed in question, we have but to apply the rule applicable to the case at bar. It is to be noted that there is a decided difference recognized in the authorities between a direct purchase by attorney from client of the subject of litigation for a consideration independent of the employment, and acquiring title thereto as compensation for legal services rendered or to be rendered respecting the same. The books hold that an attorney is not precluded from dealing with his. client by virtue of his relationship, when they are each in a situation to deal at arm’s length, although all such contracts will be subject to the closest scrutiny, and the attorney will not be allowed to take advantage of his relations with his client in reference to the property in litigation to the latter’s disadvantage; and in case of a purchase of the property he must be able to prove he paid the full amount that could have been obtained from any other person. Miles v. Ervin, 16 Am. Dec. 623; Darlington's Estate (Pa.) 30 Am. St. 776; Leisenring v. Black, 30 Am. Dec. 322; Lewis v. J. A., 4 Chy. (N. Y.)622; Elmore v. Johnson (Ill.), 21 L. R. A. 366, 371. Cases of this character usually turn upon the question whether the client has sustained loss. Miles v. Ervin, supra; Elmore v. Johnson, supra; Kisling v. Shaw (Cal.), 91 Am. Dec. 644, 646. But where the transaction concerns a conveyance or transfer by client to attorney of part of the property involved in litiga
But it is argued by Scott and Cobb that the original title of the plaintiff was only an equitable one, and that, to perfect it, outstanding claims not involved in the litigation to which the employment of counsel related were required and • secured by them. We know of no principle, applicable to such a case, taking it out of the general rule; for, after the relationship of attorney and client has been once established, all such purchases of outstanding interests by the attorney will be adjudged in trust for the client. Baker v. Humphrey, 101 U. S. 494; Eoff v. Irvine, supra: Weeks on Attorneys, section 277; Henry v. Raiman, 64 Am. Dec. 703; Newcomb v. Brooks, 16 W. Va. 32.
It is suggested also in argument that the plaintiff and Scott and Cobb were each attorneys, and that they stood on more equal terms in the transaction in question than is usual between client and attorney. We do not perceive how this fact will relieve the defendants from the liabilities and obligations pertaining to their relationship. Such liabilities and obligations rest on the trust and confidence reposed by the one in the other; and we do perceive that, as between lawyers of the same bar, this trust-and confidence might be even more complete than between layman and attorney. Indeed, it is claimed by the plaintiff in this case'that, because the defendants were his brethren at the bar, he reposed complete confidence in them.
But the authorities cited say the client must make his election within a reasonable time. Has the plaintiff done so? He says that, after the sale to the Junior Coal Company, he called for a statement and settlement by Scott and Cobb, who gave him an evasive answer. The conveyances to the coal company were made in July and October, 1902, without notice to him; and it does not clearly appear just when he learned of these conveyances, but he soon thereafter, March 11, 1903,
Another argument for the defendants is based upon our statute, section 13, chapter 119, Code, providing that ‘ ‘an attorney shall be entitled for his services as such to such sums as he may contract for with the party for whom the service is rendered. ” The same argument was made in Thomas v. Turner, supra: but it was there held that a similar provision of the statute of Virginia did not apply to an agreement made after the relation of client and attorney was establshed, to transfer to the latter part of the property in litigation as compensation for legal services.
Our conclusion is that, if,- as Scott and Cobb claim, the deed to them was absolute, and not upon trust as claimed by the plaintiff, it having been procured by them after the relationship of attorneys and client had been established, the plaintiff had the right, by election within a reasonable time, which he has in effect made by institution of suit, to avoid it as such; and, although this is not the specific prayer of his bill, nevertheless the scope and matter of the bill, and its prayer for an accounting and for general relief, on the principles announced in the numerous cases cited in 5 Enc. Dig. 133, give the court jurisdiction to grant the substantial relief he seeks of an accounting for the purchase money by Scott and Cobb. In such accounting, they will be charged with the purchase money received, with interest from the date they received it, and credited with the money and interest thereon paid to the estate of Patrick O’Connor to discharge said vendor’s lien, with all legitimate and proper disbursements by them in
We therefore reverse and set aside the decree of the circuit court, and remand the cause, to be further-proceeded with in accordance with the principles announced and directions given herein.
Reversed. . Rema/nded.