15 Colo. 143 | Colo. | 1890
delivered the opinion of the court.
Adverse suit to determine'the right to a patent to mining property.
The appellant, George O. Keeler, brought suit as administrator in the court below, alleging in his complaint that, on January 1, 1887, one Herbert IT. Judson died intestate, and that plaintiff was the duly appointed, qualified and acting administrator of the estate. It is further alleged that Judson died seized of a certain mining claim, and that the defendants wrongfully entered upon a portion of said claim, and made application at the proper land-office for a patent therefor. The complaint also contains, with a single exception, the usual averments to be found in a complaint in support of adverse proceedings. The exception referred to relates to the citizenship of Judson. There is no allegation whatever of citizenship.
To this complaint the defendants demurred upon several grounds, among which were that the complaint did not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action. After argument the court sustained the demurrer, and the plaintiff electing to stand upon the complaint, judgment was entered for the defendants.
We are not advised as to the particular reason assigned by the court for sustaining the demurrer. We infer, however, from the nature of the attack made- here upon the judgment, that it was because, in the opinion of the trial court, the action should have been brought by the heirs, and not by the administrator. In this, at least, there is sufficient basis for the judgment.
The interest claimed by Judson in the mining claim at the time of his death is to be deemed and treated as an interest
It was held by this court, in the case of Filmore v. Reithman, 6 Colo. 120, that under our statutes, as at common law, the lands of an intestate descend to the heirs and not to the administrator. The heirs, therefore, being .the real parties in interest, can alone maintain the present action. Our statutes in reference to descents and distributions are quite similar to those of the state of Illinois; in fact, the resemblance between the two is so striking as to leave no doubt that the former were largely borrowed from the latter state. The adjudications of the court of last resort in Illinois are, for this reason, particularly valuable here. The case of Smith v. McConnell, 17 Ill. 135, has- long been considered a leading case. It was there held that the lands of one dying intestate descend direct to the heirs; the heirs holding the title in their own right, subject only to the payment of the debts of their ancestor, in the mode provided by law. And it has been repeatedly held in that state that the administrator can only affect the -title of such heirs by a sale duly authorized by an order of court. Walbridge v. Day, 31 Ill. 379; Phelps v. Funkhouser, 39 Ill. 401.
Ve find nothing in our statute to change this rule, and hence conclude that the administrator in this case must look beyond the state statutes for authority to maintain the action. This is true, at least in the absence of some authorization by the court of probate, and no authority from that source is claimed. If, then, the right of the administrator to maintain this action exists, it must be by virtue of some act of congress.
Counsel call our attention to sections 2322 and 2324 of the Kevised Statutes of the United States. By the first of
These two sections taken together, it is claimed, confer the right of possession upon the legal representatives of the intestate, and it is contended the administrator is included in the term “ legal representative.” • As we have seen, at common law, the right of possession to the real estate did not descend to the administrator. Upon doubtful or uncertain language courts will certainly be very reluctant to change the general rule so as to make the mining claim of an intestate an exception. If congress had intended to change such rule, we doubt not language would have been employed which would have left little doubt of such intention. ' The sections cited do not contain such language. The term “ legal representative ” is only used in reference to the performance of annual labor upon mining claims. The inference to be drawn from its absence from the only section fixing the right of possession is certainly not favorable to appellant’s theory. In our opinion, appellant’s claim of right to maintain this action finds no support in any statute which has been cited, and we therefore conclude it is not sanctioned by either state or national legislation. Had a different conclusion been reached, however, upon this branch of the argument, the judgment of the court below could not have been disturbed, the citizenship of Judson not being averred in the complaint. Actions of this character are purely statutory.
Affirmed.
