25 Minn. 222 | Minn. | 1878
Defendant and the plaintiff’s intestate were-tenants in common of certain parcels of land, the former own* ing an undivided two-thirds, the latter the remainder Defendant cut grass growing upon the land. This action is brought to recover one-third of the value of the same, “as-rents and profits” of the common property, received by defendant. It is not alleged or shown that defendant sold any of the grass; but the complaint alleges that the grass was cut- and taken by him, and that he “converted” it to his own use. As these allegations are not controverted, it may be assumed that the defendant in some way appropriated the grass to his-own use, and thus had the benefit of it, though it cannot be assumed that he sold it, or that he received value for it in money or otherwise. The answer denies that the value of the rents and profits was as large as alleged in the complaint, and attempts to set up a counterclaim, arising out of the payment, by defendant, of all the taxes charged upon the-whole of the common land. No facts are averred showing-that any accounting is necessary, in order to determine what share of the rents and profits received by defendant the-plaintiff is entitled to recover. But, upon the issues as found,, if he is entitled to recover anything, he is entitled to recover a share of such rents and profits proportionate to his share-in the lands, to wit, one-third, less the deduction, if any, to-which the defendant may be entitled, on account of the payment of taxes. In other words, it is, upon the issues, to be-assumed that the defendant is not entitled to have the plaintiff’s one-third of the rents and profits, received by defendant, abated or reduced, on any other account than that of such payment of taxes. Under this state of facts, there is-no reason why, if the plaintiff is entitled to recover at all, he should not do so in this action, which may properly be regarded as in the nature of assumpsit. Freeman on Cotenancy,, §§ 280-284.
In Henderson v. Eason, 17 Q. B. 701, on appeal from the court of Queen’s Bench to the Exchequer Chamber, the passage above quoted from the statute of 4 and 5 Anne was fully considered, and was held “to apply only to the cases where the tenant in common receives money or something else, where another person gives or pays it, which the cotenants are entitled to simply by reason of their being tenants in common, and in proportion to their interests as such, and of which one receives and keeps more than his just share according to that proportion.” McMahon v. Burchell, 2 Phil. 134 (22 Eng. Ch. 125,) is to the same effect. In Woolever v. Knapp, 18 Barb. 265, the statute of New York came under consideration. It was held to be substantially the same as the statute of Anne, and the court followed Henderson v. Eason, supra, holding that one of several tenants in common,
It is not alleged in the complaint in this action that the defendant has been guilty of any ouster of the plaintiff or his intestate, nor that he has in any way hindered them from entering upon the common premises and enjoying the same. Neither does the case disclose any evidence to that effect. If it did, the evidence would be irrelevant, for lack of proper allegations in the complaint. The case is simply one in which the defendant has appropriated directly, to his own use, products of the common property, without, so far as appears, any exclusion of his cotenant from the enjoyment thereof. In such a state of facts, the plaintiff cannot recover. It is proper to add that, upon the evidence in the ease, it does not appear that the defendant has appropriated any more than two-thirds of the grass growing upon the common land. This would be no more than the “just proportion” which the statute under which this action is claimed to be brought allows him, for he owns two-thirds of the land; and in this connection, it is further to be noticed that though evidence as to the quantity of grass cut by defendant was received without objection, the complaint, even if sufficient in other respects, is evidently
With regard to the matter set up by way of counterclaim, we are of opinion that it was not well pleaded as a counterclaim, neither was the evidence sufficient to warrant its allowance- as such. There was not, at the time when the taxes were alleged to have been paid, any provision of law authorizing a tenant in common to recover of his cotenant for taxes paid by the former upon the latter’s share of the common estate, unless such payment was made at the latter’s express or implied request. Payment without such request would, therefore, be the act of a mere volunteer, and would impose no obligation of reimbursement. But in case one cotenant recovers of another, for receiving more than his just proportion of rents and profits, we are of opinion that the latter should be allowed to offset, in reduction of the amount recovered, all sums paid by him, within six years, for taxes upon the former’s share of the estate. Hannan v. Osborn, 4 Paige, 343; Freeman on Cotenancy, § 278. The offset should be allowed, not as a statutory counterclaim, but as an equity, under Gen. St. c. 66, § 79, subd. 3. An equity of this kind may well rest upon the justice of requiring the tenant who seeks to charge his cotenant for receiving more than his just proportion of the rents and profits, to make allowance for moneys expended in the defence or protection of the common estate, as, for instance, in preserving it from forfeiture on account of non-payment of taxes.
We believe that these conclusions dispose of all the important questions in the case, the result being that the order denying a new trial is reversed.