20 Haw. 237 | Haw. | 1910
OPINION OP THE COURT BY
On June 7, 1910, plaintiffs filed their declaration claiming actual damages against defendant in the sum of $1500 for a trespass quare clausum fregit, laid with a continuando.
Defendant interposed a demurrer to the declaration on the ground that the action “is barred by limitation of time by reason and under the provisions of Act 113 of the Session Laws of 1907.” The demurrer was sustained and plaintiffs excepted.
Act 113 provides that “Actions for the recovery of compensation for damage or injury to persons or property must be instituted within one year next after the cause of action accrues, and not after.” Prior to this enactment the time within which “actions for trespass upon lands” could be commenced was limited to six years next after the cause of action accrued. (Sec. 1971 R. L.)
Act 113 does not purport to repeal Sec. 1971 R. L. We held, however, in Garcia v. Kekaha Sugar Co. (ante p. 170), which was an action for personal injuries, that Act 113 applied, and that the action was barred because not brought within one year next after the date on which the injury complained of occurred. The reasons which justified the court in its conclusion in that case are equally applicable in the case now be
Plaintiffs contend, however, that these enactments can stand together as regards the action of trespass guare clausum fregit, and that while the later enactment is “-inclusive of all cases therein mentioned,” it does not include or apply to actions of this character. They argue that Act 113 applies only to cases in which the gist of the action is damage or injury to persons or property, and that it ddes not apply to an action of trespass guare clausum fregit, which is - primarily a possessory action, the gist of which is the disturbance of the possession, and that whatever is done after the breaking and entering is but an aggravation of damages. Whatever force, if any, this argument might have in a case involving the sole question of a disturbance of the possession, we need not say at this time. In the case at bar in addition to such damage as may he implied by the mere breaking and entering of the close, the declaration shows an actual and physical injury to the property itself, and plaintiffs emphasize this phase of the case by the facts set forth in the declaration, as well as by claiming substantial damages in the sum of $1500. The main object of the action is to recover compensation for the physical injury to the land.
Plaintiffs also contend that the declaration shows a continuing trespass. We do not concur in this view. The facts alleged show that the trespass consisted of a single tortious act upon the land, and that the injury is permanent and not continuing in its nature.
The facts as disclosed, by the declaration bring the case within the provisions, of Act 113. Therefore, in our opinion, the demurrer was properly sustained.
The exception is overruled.