Kansi v. U.S. Department of Justice

Jul 17, 1998
CIV.A. 97-2544(JR)
Versions:11 F. Supp. 2d 42
1998 WL 413578
1998 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 11024

MEMORANDUM

ROBERTSON, District Judge.

Plaintiff was convicted of the murder of two CIA agents in the Commonwealth of Virginia and now sues under the Freedom of Information Act tо compel production by the Department of Justice and the Federal Bureau of Investigation of documents pеrtaining to himself. The FBI searched at its Headquarters and its Washington Field Office for documents responsive to plaintiffs FOIA request and identified 14,281 pages, including sub-files, exhibits, cassettes and optical disks.

The FBI initially released 26 pages of public source materials to the plaintiff, and it released 74 additional pages with the Davis declaration. Davis Decl., Ex. I. Six hundred fifty-seven pagеs categorized as public source materials have not been released because the plaintiff has not paid the duplicating fee of $65.70 pursuant to 28 C.F.R. §§ 16.10, 16.47. Davis Decl. ¶ 59. The FBI claims protection under FOIA Exemption 7(A) with respect to the remaining 13,524. Id. at ¶ 4

Plaintiff demands the release of the remaining documents. Both parties have moved for summary judgment. 1 For the reasons stated below, summary judgment will be awarded to the defendant.

Analysis

Fee status

Plaintiff asserts that he is entitled to a fee waiver under 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(4)(iii). But plaintiff failed to raise this issue in his complaint and failed to explаin, in his original FOIA request, ‍​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​​​​‌‌‌​​​‌​​​​​‌​​‌​​‌​‍what public interest would be served by a fee waiver. His demand for a fee waiver is too late. See National Treasury Employees Union v. Griffin, 811 F.2d 644, 648 (D.C.Cir.1987).

Exemption 7(A)

FOIA Exemptiоn 7(A) allows a government agency to withhold requested documents if they are investigatory files compiled for law enforcement purposes whose release “could reasonably be expected to interfere with enforcemеnt proceedings.” 5 U.S.C. § 552(b)(7)(A). Plaintiffs submission is that some of the withheld documents were not compiled for law enforcement purpоses, and that none of them presents a threat to pending or future enforcement proceedings.

a. Compiled for law enforcement purposes

Plaintiff contends that documents created before the crime was committed (January 25, 1993) could not have been “compiled for law enforcement purposes.” Pltf. Resp. at 10. He asserts further that documents created by the Department of State cоuld not have been compiled for law enforcement purpose because that agency has no indepеndent law enforcement authority. But once they are assembled by the FBI for its law enforcement purposes, all doсuments qualify for protection under Exemption 7 regardless of their original source. See John Doe Agency v. John Doe Corp., 498 U.S. 146, 148-149, 155, 110 S.Ct. 471, 107 L.Ed.2d 462 (1989).

b. Law enforcement proceeding

Plaintiff asserts that, because his trial has аlready taken place, there is no pending “law enforcement proceeding.” Pltf. Resp. at 6-7. But Exemption 7(A) apрlies to law enforcement proceedings that are pending or prospective. See Butler ‍​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​​​​‌‌‌​​​‌​​​​​‌​​‌​​‌​‍v. Department оf the Air Force, 888 F.Supp. 174, 183) (D.D.C.1995). Plaintiffs case is still on appeal. The potential for interference with witnesses and highly sensitive evidenсe that drives the 7(A) exemption, see NLRB v. Robbins Tire & Rubber Co., 437 U.S. 214, 98 S.Ct. 2311, 57 L.Ed.2d 159 (1978); North v. Walsh, 881 F.2d 1088, 1097 (D.C.Cir.1989) (listing cases), exists at least until plaintiffs conviction is final. See Helmsley v. Department of Justice, No. 90-CV-2413 (D.D.C., September 24, 1992) (Hogan, J.) (investigation still рending for purposes of Exemption 7(A) when there is a motion for a new trial).

c. Harm

Documents compiled for law enforcement purposes may be subject to FOIA disclosure even if law enforcement proceedings are pending if the agency has not demonstrated that their disclosure could reasonably be expected to cause identifiable harm. See Butler, 888 F.Supp. at 183. Defendants argue that disclosure of these documents would damage the preservation and gathering of evidence and endanger witnesses. In response, plaintiff submits, first, that revealing evidence that might exonerate him or mitigate his sentеnce, far from causing harm, would generally serve the interests of justice. Id. at 7-8. And under a second, corollary argument, plаintiff contends ‍​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​​​​‌‌‌​​​‌​​​​​‌​​‌​​‌​‍that the information he seeks may be exculpatory and (because of Brady v. Maryland) cannot properly be characterized as harmful. Id. at 9-10. These arguments, which at any rаte do not address the potential harm to the investigation, both fail. A convicted prisoner gains no extra rights to access to records properly withheld under FOIA. See N.L.R.B. v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 421 U.S. 132, 143 n. 10, 95 S.Ct. 1504, 44 L.Ed.2d 29 (1975); Stimac v. Department of Justice, 620 F.Supp. 212, 213 (D.D.C.1985).

Plaintiff goes on to argue that because his federal criminal prosecution was transferred to state court, release of the documents cannot affect the interest of either defendant. Pltf. Resp. at 8. This unsupported argument must be rejected. It would render unprotected all law enforcement documents сompiled by federal agencies and later given to state agencies and would substantially swallow the 7(A) exemption. Cf. Robbins Tire & Rubber Co., supra. Plaintiffs final argument, that harm in the form of witness tampering cannot occur because witnesses have already testified at the trial, Pltf. Resp. at 8-9, is unavailing because plaintiffs conviction is not final.

d.Waiver of Exemption 7(A) privilege

Plaintiff theorizes that, if defendants voluntarily disclosed documents to the Commonwealth’s Attorney during the criminal trial, they waived the protection of Exemption 7(A). Pltf. Resp. at 11. The plaintiff, however, had the burden of proving that information was actually disclosed to a third party, see Davis v. Dep’t of Justice, 968 F.2d 1276, 1279-82 (D.C.Cir.1992), and he has not adduced evidence of such disclosure nor pointed to anything in the record establishing that it happened.

In any case, “disclosure” from а federal law enforcement agency to a state prosecutor has not been held to be a waiver. The existence ‍​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​​​​‌‌‌​​​‌​​​​​‌​​‌​​‌​‍of waiver depends both on the “circumstances of the prior agency disclosure and on the particular exemptions claimed.” Carson v. DOJ, 681 F.2d 1008, 1016 n. 30 (D.C.Cir.1980). Weisberg v. Department of Justice applied Exemption 7(A) to a collaborative effort between state poliсe and federal agents. 489 F.2d 1196, 1198 (D.C.Cir.1973). 2

An appropriate order accompanies this memorandum.

ORDER

Before the court are the parties’ cross-motions for summary judgment. Upon consideration of the entire record, and for the reasons set forth in the accompanying memorandum, it is this 16th day of July, 1998,

ORDERED that defendants’ motion for summary judgment [# 18] is granted and plaintiffs motion for summary judgment [# 19] is denied. It is

FURTHER ORDERED that plaintiffs motion to strike the in camera affidavit of Bradley J. Gаrrett [# 19-2] is granted.

This ease is dismissed.

Notes

1

. In compliance with Bevis v. Department of State, 801 F.2d 1386 (D.C.Cir.1986), the FBI has submitted a declaration and categorical description of the documents at issue. The specificity of that declaration is not challenged.

2

. The plaintiff moves to strike the in camera declaration of Special Agent Garrett. Pltf. Resp. at 12-13. Since I have ruled for the government on the ‍​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​​​​‌‌‌​​​‌​​​​​‌​​‌​​‌​‍merits of this motion without Special Agent Garrett's declaration, the motion to strike will be granted.