41 Colo. 222 | Colo. | 1907
delivered the opinion of tbe court:
The allegations of the amended complaint, so far as necessary to be stated, are: that plaintiffs — appellants and seven others — are residents and
“And also for the further consideration of the agreement between the parties hereto, for themselves, their heirs, successors and legal representatives, that intoxicating liquors shall never be manufactured, sold or otherwise disposed of, as a beverage, in any place of public resort in or upon the premises hereby granted, or any part thereof; and it is herein and hereby expressly reserved by the said party of the first part, that in ease any of the above conditions concerning intoxicating liquors are broken by said party of the second part, his assigns or legal representatives, then this deed shall become null and void, and all right, title and interest of, in and to the premises hereby conveyed shall revert to the party of the first part, its heirs, successors and assigns; and the said party of the second part, by accepting this deed for himself, his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, consents and agrees to the reservation and conditions aforesaid. ’ ’
That the owners of land adjacent to the original town as platted and laid out made deeds to The Colorado Springs Company of such lands, which deeds contained the “liquor clause” above set forth, which was in furtherance of and in accordance with the general plan and scheme to have said town of Colorado Springs free from the manufacture, sale or disposition of intoxicating liquors in any place of public
The defendants attacked the amended complaint upon the ground, inter alia, that it did not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action.
Defendants’ demurrers having been sustáined, and plaintiffs electing to stand upon their amended complaint, the action was dismissed at plaintiffs’ costs, hence this appeal.
The “liquor clause” upon which plaintiffs base their right of action has been held valid by this court
Mr. Justice Field, in the latter case, said:
“We have no doubt that the condition in the deed to the defendant here is valid and not repugnant to the estate conveyed. It is a condition subsequent, and upon its breach the company had a right to treat the estate as having reverted to it, and bring ejectment for the premises.”
But, while the clause under discussion is valid as between the grantor and its grantees, it by no means' follows that any owner of lots in Colorado Springs may enforce the clause against any other lot owner.
De Gray v. Monmouth Beach Club House, 50 N. J. Eq. 329, is one of the numerous authorities relied upon by appellants to sustain their right to maintain this action.
The covenant in the deed in this action was:
“And the said party of the second part, for himself, his heirs and assigns, doth hereby covenant to and with the said Daniel Dodd and Francis Macldn, their heirs, executors and administrators, that'he, the said party of the second part, his heirs or assigns, will not at any time hereafter erect or permit upon any part of the said lot any hotel, drinking saloon, gaming house, slaughter house, furnace, manufactory, brewery, distillery, or building for. the curing of fish, or for any other uses or purposes that shall depreciate the value of the neighboring property for dwelVmg houses.”
The opinion reviews the English and American authorities upon the subject here under discussion and sums up' the conclusion of the court as follows, at page 340:
“The law, deducible from these principles and the authorities applicable to this case, is, that where'*228 there is a general scheme- or plan, adopted and made public by the owner of a tract, for the development and improvement of the property, by which it is divided into streets, avenues and lots, and contemplating a restriction as to the uses to which buildings or lots may be put, to- be secured by a covenant embodying the restriction, to be inserted in each deed to a purchaser; and it'appears, by writings or by the circumstances, that such covenants are intended for the benefit of all the lands, and that each purchaser is to be subject to and to have the benefit thereof; and the covenants are actually inserted in all deeds for lots sold in pursuance of the-plan; one purchaser and his assigns may enforce the covenant against any other purchaser and his assigns, if he has bought -with knowledge of the scheme, and the covenant has been part of the subject-matter of his purchase.”
It affirmatively appears from the amended complaint that appellants were not parties to the original covenant contained in the deed under which appellee Robinson derives title to her property.
In such cases it is held, that an action is not maintainable (1) in which it does not appear that the covenant was entered into for the benefit of the land of which plaintiff has become the owner, and (2) in which it appears that the covenant has not entered into- the consideration of plaintiff’s purchase.
From the very nature of the case, a covenant restricting the use of land will not be enforced against a subsequent purchaser without notice, actual or constructive, of the covenant.
Tested by the foregoing principles the amended complaint is fatally defective in that it does not allege that appellee Eobinson had actual or constructive knowledge of the general plan or scheme at the time she purchased her lots.
To overcome this defect it is said, that the record
This is not the law in this state.
A recorded deed is constructive notice of its contents to all persons claiming what is thereby conveyed, under the same chain of title, from the same grantor, but is not notice to other persons.—Gillett v. Gaffney, 3 Colo. 351, 366; Rose v. Dunklee, 12 Colo. App. 403, 414.
It is further contended that appellee Robinson, having accepted the deed containing the “liquor clause,” held out to subsequent purchasers that the clause should be observed, and that she is estopped by her actions from denying notice of the general plan or scheme and of the covenant in the deeds. Assuming that this contention is correct, this brings us to a discussion of the covenant itself, its force and effect, and a determination of the question whether it was entered into for the benefit of the premises owned by appellants, or for the benefit of appellants.
By its terms the covenant is limited to the land “hereby granted.” In this respect it differs widely from covenants which in express terms or by reasonable or necessary implication, give notice that they are intended for the development or improvement of premises within a designated area, or for adjacent lots or neighboring property, as was the case in the New Jersey case, above cited, as indicated by that portion of the covenant which we have italicized.
Again, the parties to the deed stipulate: “for themselves, their heirs, successors and legal representatives,” thereby expressly limiting the covenant to the particular persons named, which intention is further manifested by the condition of the forfeiture clause contained in the covenant, to the effect, that
In Cowell v. Springs Co., supra, Mr. Justice Field said that the covenant under consideration was a “condition subsequent” upon the breach of which the Company could maintain ejectment, clearly negativing the idea that a subsequent grantee could do so, as is insisted by appellants.
In Mulligan v. Jordan, 50 N. J. Eq. 363, it is said:
“The right of an owner of a lot to enforce a covenant (to which he is not a party or an assign) restrictive of the use of other lands is dependent on the covenant having been made for the benefit of this lot. * * *
. ‘ ‘ The right of grantees from the common grantor to enforce, inter se, covenants entered into by each with said grantor - is confined to cases where there has been proof of a general plan or scheme for the improvement of the property and its consequent benefit, and the covenant has been entered into as part of a general plan to be exacted from all purchasers, and to be for the benefit of each purchaser, and the party has bought with reference to such general plan or scheme, and the covenant has entered into the consideration of his purchase.”
The opinion in the last above -cited case was written by Green, V. C., who wrote the opinion in the De Gray case, supra.
We think the case at bar clearly falls within the principle announced in the case last above quoted.
The allegations in the amended complaint to the effect, that plaintiffs bought their property in good faith and in the belief that the “liquor clause” was legal and binding, etc., as hereinbefore set forth, do not fill, the requirements of the rule that it must ap
When a third party claims the benefit of a covenant or contract between two other parties, it is certainly incumbent upon him to clearly allege all the facts necessary to establish such claim.
This the appellants have not done in the particulars above pointed out.
We have carefully considered the numerous authorities cited by counsel for appellants, all of which are readily distinguishable from the case at bar. An analysis of them would unnecessarily prolong this opinion.
The court did not err in sustaining the demurrers to the amended complaint.
The judgment will be affirmed. Affirmed.