565 A.2d 862 | Pa. Commw. Ct. | 1989
Lead Opinion
J.S. (Petitioner) appeals an order of the Director of the Office of Hearings and Appeals, Department of Public Welfare (DPW) which denied Petitioner’s request to expunge an indicated report of child abuse filed by the Northumberland County Children and Youth Services (NCCYS) pursuant to the Child Protective Services Law
On September 29, 1987, A.D., a five year old child born March 2, 1982, was brought to the emergency room of Geisinger Medical Center for examination based upon a report of suspected child abuse. She was examined, evaluated and photographed. As a result of the examining physician’s diagnostic impression of suspected child abuse and an investigation by NCCYS, an indicated report of child abuse was filed against Petitioner. Thereafter, Petitioner requested that DPW expunge the indicated report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Law, 11 P.S. § 2215(d). After a
Child abuse is defined as “serious physical or mental injury which is not explained by the available medical history as being accidental____” Section 3 of the Law, 11 P.S. § 2203. Serious physical injury is further defined at 55 Pa.Code § 3490.4 as:
An injury caused by the acts or omissions of a perpetrator which does one of the following:
(i) Causes the child severe pain;
(ii) Significantly impairs the child’s functioning, either temporarily or permanently;
(iii) Is accompanied by physical evidence of a continuous pattern of separate, unexplained injuries to the child.
The first issue presented for review is whether substantial evidence exists to support the denial of expungement. The hearing officer considered evidence from several sources. NCCYA caseworker Melanie Latsha (Latsha) testified that she interviewed A.D. at her school. She also observed the child’s physical appearance and photographed her for the record. Latsha further testified that when she visited A.D. at school, the child did not sit very well and that when A.D. did sit down, she did so “very, very, easily.” N.T., p. 32. Latsha also testified that A.D. stated her bruises hurt a lot. N.T., pp. 20-21.
Petitioner next asserts that the incident of September 27, 1987 involved nothing more than a reasonable exercise of parental discipline in the form of corporal punishment. Petitioner contends that DPW has failed to establish by substantial evidence that the spanking administered by him exceeded the limits of legally acceptable corporal punishment or reflected extreme conduct coupled with mali
Distinction can be made between the fact situation in Appeal of E.S., and the case sub judice. In Appeal of E.S., medical testimony indicated no impairment of the child’s physical functioning, either temporarily or permanently. In the instant case, A.D. did not merely have bruises on her buttocks; rather she sustained, as photographs in the record indicate, black and blue marks over her entire buttocks area causing severe pain. See D.N v. Department of Public Welfare, 127 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 580, 562 A.2d 433 (1989). The spanking administered by J.S. to A.D. thus exceeded a reasonable exercise of parental discipline in the form of corporal punishment.
The decision to maintain the indicated report of child abuse is supported by substantial evidence and is accordingly affirmed.
AND NOW, this 6th day of November, 1989, the order of the Director of the Office of Hearings and Appeals of the Department of Public Welfare is affirmed.
. Act of November 26, 1975, P.L. 438, as amended, 11 P.S. §§ 2201-2224.
. This Court’s scope of review in an appeal from a DPW order denying expungement of an indicated report of child abuse is limited to a determination of whether Petitioner’s constitutional rights have been violated, the administrative adjudication is consistent with law and the necessary findings of fact are supported by substantial evidence. Dauphin County Social Services For Children and Youth v. Department of Public Welfare, 117 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 305, 543 A.2d 607 (1988). Substantial evidence as defined in the context of child abuse expungement proceedings is evidence that “so preponderates in favor of a conclusion that it outweighs, in the mind of the factfinder, any inconsistent evidence and reasonable inferences drawn therefrom.” Children & Youth Services Division v. Department of Public Welfare, 103 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 616, 622-23, 520 A.2d 1246, 1249 (1987).
. Children and Youth Exhibit CY-2 states that "[t]he child stated the injury hurt her very much and she cried,” whereas Latsha testified on cross-examination at the hearing that A.D. stated to Latsha that her bruises hurt "a lot."
. Echymosis is defined as a purplish patch caused by extravasation of blood into the skin; black and blue spot. Extravasation is defined as material in the tissues that has escaped from a blood vessel or lymphatic. Stedman’s Medical Dictionary, 498, 568 (21st Ed.1970).
. Section 15(d) of the Law, 11 P.S. § 2215(d), provides that the burden of proof in expungement proceedings shall be upon the appropriate child protective service.
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting.
I respectfully dissent.
Without intending to diminish the serious nature of child abuse, I do not find sufficient evidence in this record to substantiate the filing of an indicated report. It may well be that this fair-skinned child sustained bruises from a single incident of spanking and, of course, experienced some measure of pain. However, this incident alone does not justify the stigma attached to the label of suspected child abuser. I believe the child protective services agency, in its zeal to perform its remedial function, has gone too far by designating this volitional exercise of common parental discipline as child abuse.
Accordingly, I would reverse the Department order and grant J.S.’s expungement request.