Lead Opinion
{¶ 2} The instant action was filed on June 6, 2005, by appellee, in his official capacity as Geauga County Prosecutor, following a protracted dispute related to appellant's use of property located at 8216 Mayfield Road, in Chester Township, Geauga County, Ohio.1 The complaint alleged that appellee, as the statutory legal representative of Chester Township, Ohio, "has defended against habitual and persistent vexatious conduct in the Geauga County Court of Common Pleas as well as in other courts," in various civil actions instituted by appellant against the Township.
{¶ 3} Appellant, acting pro se, answered and filed a counterclaim, essentially claiming that he was deprived of the lawful use of his property through the Township's enforcement of its zoning regulations.2 Furthermore, at least one of the underlying cases included a motion to show cause where incarceration was imposed.
{¶ 4} After the filing and disposition of several pleadings and motions by appellant, including a motion for change in venue to federal court, a motion for stay pending the trial court's ruling on the motion to change venue, and a motion requesting leave to amend his complaint,3 all of which were denied, appellee filed his motion for summary judgment on December 1, 2005.
{¶ 5} On December 12, 2005, appellant filed a "Motion for leave to file his Brief in Opposition to Plaintiffs Motion for Summary Judgment and Reply Brief to Plaintiffs Opposition Motion to Defendant's Motion for Leave to Amend, Instanter," which, based upon its content, the trial court construed as appellant's Motion in Opposition to appellee's Motion for Summary Judgment.
{¶ 6} On January 31, 2006, the trial court granted summary judgment in favor of appellee, and declared appellant a vexatious litigator. Pursuant to this order, appellant is prohibited from "instituting or continuing any legal proceedings in the Court of Claims, in the Court of Common Pleas, [any] Municipal Court [of the county] or County Court, without first obtaining leave" to proceed from the Geauga Court of Common Pleas. See R.C.
{¶ 7} Appellant timely appealed, assigning the following as error:
{¶ 8} "[1.] Whether the trial court abused its discretion when granting the appelles [sic] motion for summary judgment in violation of the Ohio and United States Constitutions.
{¶ 9} "[2.] Whether the trial court abused its discretion when the trial court refused to provide findings of facts and conclusions of law, in violation of the Ohio and United States Constitutions.
{¶ 10} "[3.] Whether the appellees violated Ohio Rule of Civil Procedure 11 and R.C.
{¶ 11} We consider the assignments of error in order.
{¶ 12} "`"Summary judgment is a procedural device to terminate litigation and to avoid formal trial when there is nothing to try."`"Murphy v. Reynoldsburg,
{¶ 13} Under Civ.R. 56(C), "the moving party bears the initial responsibility of informing the trial court for the basis for the motion, and identifying those portions of the record before the trial court which demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of fact on a material element of the nonmoving party's claim." Dresher v. Burt
(1996),
{¶ 14} In granting appellee's motion for summary judgment, the trial court found appellant to be a "vexatious litigator." A "`[v]exatious litigator' means any person who has habitually, persistently, and without reasonable grounds engaged in vexatious conduct in a civil action or actions * * * [.]" R.C.
{¶ 15} "Vexatious conduct' means conduct of a party in a civil action that satisfies any of the following:
{¶ 16} "(a) The conduct obviously serves merely to harass or maliciously injure another party to the civil action.
{¶ 17} "(b) The conduct is not warranted under existing law and cannot be supported by a good faith argument for an extension, modification, or reversal of existing law.
{¶ 18} "(c) The conduct is imposed solely for delay." R.C.
{¶ 19} Although the evidence was not properly authenticated, this court observes that Mr. Godale was only a plaintiff in one of the underlying proceedings and that, in all other proceedings, he was a defendant or appellant defending against the state's action. Mr. Godale has not initiated a majority of the litigation. He has, however, represented himself predominately pro se, with minimal success.
{¶ 20} In support of his motion for summary judgment, appellee relied upon the affidavit of Rebecca Schlag, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney for Geauga County. Ms. Schlag averred that since her employment with the prosecutor's office commenced in January 1999, she had been involved as counsel or co-counsel in three cases in common pleas, and five before this court, involving appellant. Ms. Schlag further averred that her personal examination of the case filings revealed twenty-three separate instances in which appellant argued either that the court of common pleas lacked subject matter jurisdiction, or that enforcement of the injunction and/or Chester Township zoning regulations constituted an unlawful deprivation of his livelihood. Attached to Ms. Schlag's affidavit were the docket sheets from five of the actions involving appellant, as well as a judgment entry from Geauga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. 81M167, finding appellant in contempt of the July 2, 1982 injunction.
{¶ 21} Civ.R. 56(E) governing the form and use of affidavits in summary judgment proceedings provides, in pertinent part:
{¶ 22} "* * * [affidavits shall be made on personal knowledge, shall set forth such facts as would be admissible in evidence, and shall show affirmatively that the affiant is competent to testify to the matters stated in the affidavit. Sworn or certified copies of all papers orparts of papers referred to in an affidavit shall be attached or servedwith the affidavit." (Emphasis added.)
{¶ 23} Ms. Schlag's affidavit is insufficient under Civ.R. 56(E), since none of the papers relied on by her in making that affidavit, including the docket sheets, are sworn or certified. Without proper Civ.R. 56 evidence in the record, there was no basis for the trial court to grant the summary judgment motion.
{¶ 24} Appellant's first assignment of error is with merit.
{¶ 25} In his second assignment of error, appellant argues that the trial court erred by refusing to provide findings of fact and conclusions, as requested, following the court's grant of summary judgment in favor of appellee. Appellant relies on the language of Civ.R. 52, which provides "[w]hen questions of fact are tried by the court without a jury, judgment may be general for the prevailing party unless one of the parties in writing requests otherwise before the entry of judgment * * * or not later than seven days after the party filing the request has been given notice of the court's announcement of its decision, whichever is later, * * * the court shall state in writing the conclusions of fact found separately from the conclusions of law." Appellant's argument is misplaced.
{¶ 26} By its plain terms, Civ.R. 52 applies only to trials without a jury on "questions of fact." Summary judgment, on the other hand, is appropriate only when there are no genuine issues of material fact to be decided. Civ.R. 56(C). A reading of the language of Civ.R. 52 reveals that "[findings of fact and conclusions of law required by this rule * * * are unnecessary upon all other motions, including those pursuant to ** * Rule 56." (Emphasis added.) Thus, there was no error in the trial court's denial of appellant's request.5
{¶ 27} Appellant's second assignment of error is without merit.
{¶ 28} In his third assignment of error, appellant contends that appellee violated Civ.R. 11 and R.C.
{¶ 29} R.C.
{¶ 30} Civ.R. 11 provides that "[e]very pleading * * * of a party represented by an attorney shall be signed by at least one attorney of record in the attorney's individual name * * * [.]"
{¶ 31} Thus, there is no requirement in either the statute or the rule that the action be brought by the duly elected prosecuting attorney. Since Ms. Schlag is an assistant prosecuting attorney who has defended against the alleged vexatious conduct, and an attorney of record, she was able to file the complaint in her own name without violating the plain terms of the statute or the rule. Furthermore, R.C.
{¶ 32} Appellant's third assignment of error is without merit.
{¶ 33} For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the judgment of the Geauga County Court of Common Pleas, and remand this matter for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
WILLIAM M. O'NEILL, J., concurs,
DIANE V. GRENDELL, J., concurs, in part, and dissents, in part, with a Concurring/Dissenting Opinion.
Notes
"(a) Instituting legal proceedings in the court of claims or in a court of common pleas, municipal court, or county court;
"(b) Continuing any legal proceedings that the vexatious litigator had instituted in any of the courts specified in division (D)(1)(a) of this section prior to the entry of the order;
"(c) Making any application, other than an application for leave to proceed under division (F)(1) of this section, in any legal proceedings instituted by the vexatious litigator or another person in division D(1)(a) of this section." R.C.
It is interesting to note that the statute does not specify or exclude defendants in a civil proceeding. However, all the remedies afforded to the court in curtailing and limiting a vexatious litigator's ability to harass parties through implementing legal proceedings against them have to do with limiting a party's ability to initiate proceedings.
Dissenting Opinion
{¶ 34} I concur with the majority's well-reasoned analysis disposing of appellant's second and third assignments of error. However, I disagree with the majority's ruling on appellant's first assignment of error and respectfully dissent. The judgment of the Geauga County Court of Common Pleas granting summary judgment in favor of appellee should be affirmed.
{¶ 35} In the case sub judice, appellee instituted an action to have appellant declared a vexatious litigator. Under R.C.
{¶ 36} "Conduct" is defined, in relevant part, as "the assertion of a claim, defense, or other position in connection with a civil action, the filing of a pleading, motion, or other paper in a civil action, * * * or the taking of any other action in connection with a civil action." R.C.
{¶ 37} Read together, the statutes make it abundantly clear that the status of the party involved, i.e., whether they are a plaintiff or a defendant, is irrelevant for the purpose of determining whether the party has engaged in vexatious conduct, as long as there is evidence that the party has engaged in habitual vexatious conduct during the course of the underlying action.
{¶ 38} Pursuant to Civ.R. 56(C), "the moving party bears the initial responsibility of informing the trial court of the basis for the motion, and identifying those portions of the record before the trial court which demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of fact on a material element of the nonmoving party's claim." Dresher v. Burt,
{¶ 39} Here, appellee's motion for summary judgment sought a declaration that appellant was a vexatious litigator on the basis that twenty-three of appellant's filings with the trial court had "no basis in existing law nor reasonable grounds to expand existing law." Attached to this motion was the sworn affidavit of Rebecca Schlag, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, which averred that "she had been involved as counsel or co-counsel in several lawsuits" involving appellant, and in personally reviewing the aforementioned filings, none of which were timely, appellant either argued a lack of subject matter jurisdiction, and/or that the enforcement of the court's injunction and township zoning regulations unlawfully deprived him of his livelihood.
{¶ 40} Civ.R. 56(E), governing the form of affidavits, states that "affidavits shall be made on personal knowledge, shall set forth such facts as would be admissible in evidence, and shall show affirmatively that the affiant is competent to testify to the matters stated in the affidavit. Sworn or certified copies of all papers or parts of papers referred to in an affidavit shall be attached to or served with the affidavit."
{¶ 41} The majority apparently does not and cannot seriously dispute that Ms. Schlag's affidavit satisfies the "personal knowledge" requirement, since she was directly involved in the referenced litigation. The majority nevertheless concludes that appellee did not meet his burden and the trial court's grant of summary judgment was improper "since none of the papers relied on by [Ms. Schlag] in making that affidavit, including the docket sheets, are sworn and certified."
{¶ 42} This conclusion ignores the well-settled axiom of law that a trial court may take judicial notice of docket information, pursuant to Evid.R. 201(B). See Indus. Risk Insurers v. Lorenz Equip. Co.,
{¶ 43} Evid.R. 201(B) provides that a court may take judicial notice of facts "not subject to reasonable dispute" which are "capable of accurate and ready determination by resort to sources whose accuracy cannot reasonably be questioned." "[D]ocket information, such as when a complaint is filed, is not subject to reasonable dispute and is capable of accurate and ready determination by resort to sources whose accuracy cannot be questioned." Staadeker,
{¶ 44} As the majority correctly notes, "the docket sheets from five of the actions involving appellant, as well as the judgment entry from the Geauga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. 81M167, finding appellant in contempt of the July 2, 1982 injunction" were attached to the affidavit.
{¶ 45} The affidavit summarized each of the filings and referenced them to the respective docket sheets, averred that Ms. Schlag had personal knowledge of content of the respective filings, and requested that the trial court, "in light of the * * * voluminous filings * * *take notice of same." Accordingly, appellee met his initial burden under Civ.R. 56(C), despite the lack of "certification" of the docket information and appellant, as the nonmoving party, thus had a reciprocal burden under Civ.R. 56(E) to set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial, i.e., to show that the filings in question were warranted under existing law or were able to be supported by a good faith argument for an extension, modification or reversal of existing law. See Wing v. Anchor Media, Ltd. (1991),
{¶ 46} In reply, appellant filed a "Motion for leave to file his Brief in Opposition to Plaintiffs Motion for Summary Judgment and Reply Brief to Plaintiffs Opposition Motion to Defendant's Motion for Leave to Amend." The court construed this as a Motion in Opposition to Appellee's Motion for Summary Judgment, since it argued the merits of the motion, and no subsequent motion in opposition was timely filed.
{¶ 47} A review of this motion reveals that, despite voluminous citations to case law, appellant's argument in opposition was merely a reiteration of the allegations of his original answer, i.e., that summary judgment was not appropriate since some of his claims and motions were found to be "meritorious," by either the trial court or the appellate court.
{¶ 48} Unfortunately for appellant, he failed to submit any evidence, by means of affidavit or otherwise, that would be admissible under Civ.R. 56(C), to direct the trial court's attention to specific claims or motions the court found to be meritorious. See Countrywide HomeLoans, Inc. v. Poppy, 11th Dist. No. 2003-L-134,
{¶ 49} Since appellee clearly sustained his initial burden under Civ.R. 56(C) and appellant failed to sustain his reciprocal burden under Civ.R. 56(E) to set forth specific facts showing that there was a genuine issue for trial, the judgment of the Geauga County Court of Common Pleas should be affirmed.