Jones v. State

117 Ga. 710 | Ga. | 1903

Cobb, J.

The accused was convicted of murder, and sentenced to life imprisonment. His motion for a new trial having been overruled, he excepted.

1, 2. It appears from the motion for a new trial that after the jury had been-for some time deliberating, the judge sent for them and inquired if they had agreed upon a verdict or were likely to .agree. Upon being told that they had not agreed, he then inquired if their differences related to a question of fact or a question of law; and upon being told that the failure to agree arose from a question of fact, the judge responded that in that event he could afford them no assistance. They then retired, and about two hours afterwards were sent for again by the judge, who again inquired if an agreement had been reached, and, if not, whether there was any probability of an agreement. To this inquiry the foreman responded that they were not likely to agree. The judge then propounded to each one of the jurors the following question: “ Do you think it likely that you will agree?” Three of the jurors replied that they did not think so, and nine of them responded that it was doubtful about their being able to agree. The judge then said: “ Well, you are sensible men. I do not wish to force you to make a verdict, but I will stay with you the day. Retire to your room and see if you can agree upon a verdict.” The jury then retired, and about four or five hours afterwards, during the middle of the afternoon, brought in their verdict. This conduct of the judge is assigned as error. It ■is neither unusual nor improper for a judge, after the jury have had a case under consideration for some time, to call them in and ask whether there is any likelihood of an agreement. Generally this ■ question is addressed to the foreman, who answers for the jury as a whole. There is no impropriety, however, in. the judge, if he sees proper, asking each individual juror the question as to whether, in his opinion, an agreement is likely to be reached. The foreman is in no better position than the other members of the jury to express ■ an opinion upon this subject. All of the facts and circumstances are within the knowledge of each member of the jury, and it may be they will differ in opinion as to the probability of an agreement. It would, of course, be improper for the judge to ask each juror which side he thought ought to prevail, and in this way ascertain how the jury stood upon the questions at issue. The questions propounded by the judge in this case were not of this character, and we see no impropriety in the questions asked. Nor do we think there was any such error as required the granting of a new trial in the judge’s stating to the jury that they were sensible men, and, while he did not want to force them to make a verdict, he would stay with them during the day. The judge was holding court out of the county of his residence. It is probable that he had concluded all the business of the session except the case under consideration by the jury. It is true the judge in effect told the jury that he would not discharge them from the consideration of the case until the day was over; but even if he had said this in so many words, it would not have required the granting of a new trial. The time the jury should be held before a mistrial is declared is left entirely to the discretion of the judge. We do not think there was anything in the conduct of the judge which was calculated to so unduly interfere with the deliberations of the jury as to require a reversal of the judgment refusing a new trial. See, in this connection, White v. Fulton, 68 Ga. 512 ; Parker v. Railway Co., 83 Ga. 549 (9); Central Railroad Co. v. Neighbors, 83 Ga. 447 (2); Cochran v. State, 113 Ga. 736 (7).

3. The evidence against the accused was entirely circumstantial. He was charged with the murder of a young woman with whom his father was living in a state of adultery. The evidence made a clear cáse of assassination by somebody. The deceased was killed, while in her house at night, by a shot from a gun, which came through a window near which she was working. The relations between the deceased and the father of the accused had resulted in a separation between his father and mother, and estrangement between his father and all his children. One ground of the-motion for a new trial is based upon alleged newly discovered evidence. A sister of the accused made an affidavit that at the time of the homicide her mother was at the house of the affiant, and that on the evening of the homicide, about sundown, she saw her mother give her nephew, one Smith, a young man about twenty years old, twenty-five dollars. Smith, received the money and went away toward the place where the deceased lived and where she was killed that night, carrying with him a double-barreled shotgun. Smith at that time was hiding from officers of the law in Alabama, who were seeking to arrest him on a charge of murdering his brother-in-law. The last that affiant saw of him after he received the money was when he went away toward the house of the deceased, and she has never heard from him since. After giving the money to Smith and after he had gone, affiant’s mother turned to her and said: “ Them McDowell women [referring to deceased and her sister] has broken peace between Son Jones [her husband] and me forever, and now my people will break peace with them.” Affiant’s mother died before the trial. It appears from an affidavit of the solicitor-general that the affiant was present in the court-house during the trial, and sat by the accused. If a new trial were granted, this new witness would not be allowed to testify to the conversation between her mother and herself; and therefore the question is, whether a new trial should have been granted simply for the purpose of allowing the jury to consider evidence that the witness had seen her mother, on the day of and a short, time before the homicide, pay Smith twenty-five dollars, and that he had left the presence of the witness and her mother with a double-barreled shotgun, going in the direction of the house of the deceased. There was nothing in the evidence at the trial to connect Smith in any way whatever with the transaction. While of course this evidence would have been admissible as a circumstance to be considered by the jury, still it was of such a character that it should not, and in all probability would not, bring about a different result. It is not to be presumed that a jury would be influenced by this evidence to bring in a verdict of acquittal. In any event, this court can not say that the judge has abused his discretion in refusing a new trial on this ground. Applications for a new trial, based on the ground of newly discovered evidence, are addressed largely to the discretion of the trial judge, and in no case will this discretion be controlled by this court, unless there has been a manifest abuse of it. See White v. State, 100 Ga. 659 (5).

4. One ground of the motion complains that Owens, one of the jurors, was not a fair and impartial juror, having previously to the trial stated that he believed that the accused was guilty, that no one else could have done.it, and that it would not do for him to be on the jury. On this ground the judge heard evidence attacking the juror, and also his explanation, as well as evidence as to his conduct in the jury-room and as to his character, and decided that he was a competent juror. In Vann v. State, 83 Ga. 46 (15), it was held that on a motion for a new trial in a criminal case, because of the previously expressed' opinion of one of the jurors who rendered the verdict, the circuit judge on this question occupies the position of a trior, and that this court will not undertake to control his discretion, unless it is clear and manifest from the record that he has erred. We can not say that he erred in this case. See, in this connection, the cases cited in Vann v. State, 83 Ga. 60 ; Buchanan v. State, 24 Ga. 286 (2); Brinkley v. State, 58 Ga. 296 (3); Durham v. State, 70 Ga. 265 (12); Huff v. State, 104 Ga. 521 (7); Allen v. State, 102 Ga. 619.

5. The remaining grounds of the motion for a new trial which were insisted on in this court, other than the general grounds, assign error upon different parts of the judge’s charge. After a careful examination of these assignments of error, we have reached the conclusion that even if any error was committed in the charges complained of, it was not of such a character as to require the granting of a new trial. Charges on the subject of the prisoner’s statement similar to that given by the trial judge in this case have been held not to be erroneous. See Hackett v. State, 108 Ga. 46 (4); Murray v. State, 85 Ga. 381 (2). The evidence, though entirely circumstantial, was sufficient to authorize the verdict. The credibility of the witnesses was for the jury, and we can not say that the judge has abused his discretion in allowing their verdict to stand.

Judgment affirmed.

By five Justices.