43 S.W. 78 | Tex. Crim. App. | 1897
Appellant was convicted of libel. The Assistant Attorney-General moves to dismiss the appeal, because the recognizance fails to recite an offense known to the law. Said recognizance recites that the defendant "stands charged with the offense of libel." This is the only recitation in said obligation of the offense. None of the constituent elements are set out or attempted to be set out. We think that the recognizance is sufficient. Libel is defined to be an offense by the statutes, and is an offense eo nomine, as theft, murder, slander, etc. The motion to dismiss the appeal is overruled.
Appellant filed his motion in arrest of judgment, because the indictment is fatally defective, in that the published statement alleged to be libelous fails to convey the idea that the persons referred to had been guilty of a penal offense or that they had been guilty of some act or omission which, though not penal, was disgraceful to them as members of society, the natural consequence of which was to bring them into contempt among honorable persons; or that they had some moral vice, or physical or mental defect or disease, which rendered them unfit for intercourse with respectable society, and such as would cause then to be generally avoided; or that they were notoriously of bad or infamous character. His second contention is that the printed and published matter could be held to refer to but one person, to wit, the conductor causing the injury to a colored woman on East Avenue L car, and the indictment fails to designate by name who that conductor was; and he generally urges that the published matter is not libelous. Omitting the formal parts of the indictment, it charges that "defendant and W.H. Noble, on the 14th of November, 1896, in the county of Galveston, in the State of Texas, with force and arms, then and there, with intent to injure A.S. Spurgeon" and others, setting them out by name, "did unlawfully and maliciously make, write, print, publish, sell, and circulate a malicious statement of and concerning the said A.S. Spurgeon" and others mentioned, "and affecting the reputation of the said A.S. Spurgeon" and others mentioned, "who were then and there conductors employed by the Galveston City Railroad Company, on the various lines in the city of Galveston, Texas, which malicious statement was of the tenor following, to wit: 'Irish Snides. It is really disgusting, to say the least, for one to take notice and see how the Irish snides employed by the street car company (meaning the Galveston City Railroad Company) as conductors on the various lines of this city (meaning the city of Galveston) discriminate. With a few exceptions, these cowboys, escaped lunatics, and imported lords have a way of their own, and discriminate with a vim. These whelps seem to forget that they are public servants, and treat our *367 best colored ladies with a contempt that could only be found in a Yale chump. Some few nights ago a colored lady, while dismounting from an East L car, was thrown to the ground by the mangy ape that poses as conductor ringing the bell before she was off the step. And the lousy litttle puppy, that scarcely speaks English, said to a white gentleman, that spoke of the danger of such proceedings, that she was a 'she coon.' Has it come to this? Such pimps (meaning one who provides the means and opportunities for libidinous gratification; that is to say, a procurer for the lusts of others) as this, men so low that they would willingly sell the virtue of their sister for a drink, the descendants of Oscar Wilde (meaning that they commit the crime of sodomy), greasy curs, foul-smelling scavengers, are imported to this country to insult and humiliate the people that help to make these enterprises — that build up and support these public affairs. We coons! Some of the best families of America have raised coons. I expect that foreign whelp is a coon, but the woman in question is a colored lady. Perhaps I am a coon, but I would not give one drop of my 'cooney' blood for a barrel of the 'blud' of such 'bludy' Irish snides. It's time that the car company should right these wrongs, and employ only respectable, intelligent men, that will do justice to all alike. We pay a nickel, and we demand a nickel's worth. There is too many intelligent men in this country to import such beastly bastards to insult the people here.' ". It will be seen by this indictment that all of the parties named in the alleged libelous matter are alleged to be conductors of the Galveston City Railroad Company.
Taking appellant's grounds of his motion out of the order in which he places them, we notice that ground of said motion first which alleges the indictment is insufficient, because it only refers to one conductor causing the injury to a colored woman, etc., and fails to designate by name that conductor. By reference to the libelous matter published, it will be seen that the first sentence in said publication refers to the conductors on the various street cars of this city (meaning the city of Galveston) as a class. The libelous matter makes no exception among the conductors, but includes all of them. This has been held sufficient, without designating the names; and we hold this to be sufficient designation of every conductor in the service of said railroad company at the time of said publication. It therefore would be a violation of our statute to libel any sect, company, or class of men without naming any person in particular who may belong to said class. See 13 Am. and Eng. Enc. of Law, p. 499, and notes; 2 McClain Crim. Law, sec. 1044.
In reply to appellant's contention that the indictment fails to charge said conductors, either directly or by innuendo, with an offense against the laws, or with some act or omission which, though not a penal offense, is disgraceful to said conductors as members of society, or the natural consequence of which is to bring them into contempt among honorable persons, or that they have some moral vice or physical or mental defect or disease which renders them unfit for intercourse with respectable society, and such as would cause them to be generally avoided, or that *368
they are of notoriously bad or infamous character, we have this to say: That the first allegation in the indictment, to wit, that one of these conductors caused a colored lady to be thrown to the ground while dismounting from a street car, imputed an assault to one of said conductors belonging to the class charged in the indictment, but does not name him. But concede that we should be in error as to the effect of this allegation; unquestionably the charge that said conductors were pimps, with the innuendo following the same, is such a charge as imputed some act, which, though not a penal offense, was disgraceful to said conductors as members of society, and the natural consequence of which was to bring them into contempt among honorable persons. So of that portion of said publication which charged that said conductors were follow that they would willingly sell the virtue of their sister for a drink. These charges attributed to said conductors that they were of notoriously bad or infamous character; and, as the prosecution in this case was under all of said allegations, if the proof sustained anyone, it was sufficient. It will be further noticed by reference to the allegations in the indictment, that there are innuendo averments contained therein sufficiently explanatory of said statements in said publication. But, if there had not been, we hold that they were sufficient in and of themselves to constitute libel without innuendoes. The statements in the publication were so plain and unmistakable in their meaning that no intelligent person could fail to understand and comprehend what was intended by them. More v. Bennett,
In regard to the remaining question, that the publication is not libelous, under the views herein expressed, it will be seen that such contention is without merit. We think the indictment is sufficient, and the judgment is affirmed.
Affirmed.