80 S.W. 530 | Tex. Crim. App. | 1904
Appellant was convicted of burglary, and his punishment assessed at confinement in the penitentiary for a term of two years.
The indictment alleges that the house burglarized was the property of A. Bernadoni and that the property therein intended to be taken was that of A. Bernadoni. The proof showed that Reale A. Bernadoni was the husband of A. Bernadoni; and that the house was a grocery store, with sleeping apartments connected; that the particular locus in quo was the sleeping apartment where Bernadoni and his wife slept. It appears the issue was made on the trial that there was a variance as to the ownership of the property between the indictment and proof. The court in order to settle this controversy instructed the jury to the effect: "In law the home of persons married and living together is deemed to be in the control of either, and an allegation that it is occupied and controlled by the wife is sufficient." We do not understand this to be the rule of law. The only contingency pointed out by our statute with reference to ownership in a married woman is in article 445, Code Criminal Procedure, which provides: "Where it is the separate property of a married woman, the ownership may be alleged to be in her, or in her husband." There is also a provision with reference to joint ownership of property in the same article, which provides, where the property is owned in common or jointly by two or more persons, the ownership may be alleged in all, or either of them. But this has no application to the community property of husband and wife. Under the law in such case, he has the control and management of said property, *128 and is to all intents and purposes the owner; the wife having a community interest subject to his absolute control and management. Except in the contingency pointed out above with reference to an allegation of ownership in a married woman, we know of no rule which would authorize the ownership of property to be charged in her, except where the husband may have abandoned her. Ware v. State, 2 Texas Crim. App., 547. We hold there was a variance between the indictment and the evidence and that the charge of the court on this subject was erroneous. See Lucas v. State, 36 Tex.Crim. Rep.; 3 Enc. of Pl. and Prac., p. 769, and authorities there cited.
Appellant also questions the action of the court in regard to the allegation and proof as to a daytime and night-time burglary. The indictment contains two counts, one of which charged a daytime burglary, and the other a night-time burglary; both counts charging burglary of a private residence. The proof shows, without controversy, a night-time burglary of a private residence. The court submitted only a daytime burglary, and the jury found a punishment of two years in the penitentiary, this punishment being only applicable to a daytime burglary. The statute makes a night-time burglary of a private residence a separate and distinct offense, subject to a different punishment from that of a daytime burglary. Amended act of Leg. of 1899, p. 318; White's Ann. P.C., art. 839a; Williams v. State, 2 Texas Ct. Rep., 359; Brown v. State, 64 S.W. Rep., 1056; 3 Texas Ct. Rep., 227. Consequently the court was in error, after the admission of the evidence, in submitting a daytime burglary at all, as the proof would not sustain this offense.
For the errors discussed, the judgment is reversed and the cause remanded. Reversed and remanded.