513 S.E.2d 254 | Ga. Ct. App. | 1999
JONES
v.
The STATE.
Court of Appeals of Georgia.
*255 William J. Mason, Columbus, for appellant.
J. Gray Conger, District Attorney, Patrick B. More, Assistant District Attorney, for appellee.
HAROLD R. BANKE, Senior Appellate Judge.
Ray A. Jones was convicted of the offenses of criminal trespass, pointing a gun at another, and possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. On appeal, Jones enumerates five errors.
The underlying case arose after a late night altercation involving Jones and his girlfriend, one of the victims. The next morning, Jones returned to his girlfriend's home and kicked in the door after he was refused entry. After breaking the door down, Jones brandished a pistol, alternately pointing it at his girlfriend, her son, and a friend of the family.[1] Although Jones threatened to shoot one of them if anyone attempted to call the police, the victim's son managed to escape and jumped a fence to summon help. When the police arrived, the victims told police that Jones had just hidden the gun. After a brief search, Jones' fully loaded pistol was recovered from under a couch. At trial, the State presented evidence establishing that Jones was a convicted felon. Held:
1. Jones contends that the evidence was insufficient to sustain his conviction for criminal trespass. He claims that the State failed to prove the amount of damage to the door and that the door belonged to his girlfriend's son.
A person commits the offense of criminal trespass by intentionally damaging any property of another without consent and the damage is $500 or less. OCGA § 16-7-21(a); Waldrop v. State, 231 Ga.App. 164, 166, 498 S.E.2d 337 (1998). Here, the testimony showed that when Jones kicked the door, the force from those blows damaged the door, breaking off the deadbolt lock and the metal chain and splitting the door itself. The members of the jury could draw from their own experiences in forming estimates of the value of the door, an everyday object. Matthews v. State, 224 Ga.App. 407, 409(2), 481 *256 S.E.2d 235 (1997); Mallory v. State, 164 Ga.App. 569, 570(2), 298 S.E.2d 290 (1982).
Notwithstanding Jones' claim to the contrary, the State did not have to prove the actual ownership of the door, only that the door belonged to someone other than Jones. OCGA § 16-7-21(a). It is undisputed that Jones neither leased nor owned this home. Plainly, neither the girlfriend nor her son consented to Jones' damaging the door and barging into the home at gunpoint. This evidence was sufficient to sustain Jones' conviction for criminal trespass within the meaning of Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 61 L. Ed. 2d 560 (1979).
2. In three enumerations, Jones contends that the trial court erred in its jury charges on criminal trespass, pointing a firearm at another and possession of a firearm by a convicted felon.
Because Jones neither objected to these charges nor reserved his right to object, appellate review is procedurally foreclosed. Anderson v. State, 262 Ga. 331, 332(2), 418 S.E.2d 39 (1992). Even assuming arguendo that the substantive error rule of OCGA § 5-5-24(c) applied here, Jones failed to specify how he was harmed by the charges or how anything in these charges "`seriously affected the fairness, integrity, and public reputation'" of the trial. Owens v. State, 263 Ga. 99, 101-102(2), 428 S.E.2d 793 (1993).
To establish the count for possession of a firearm by a convicted felon, the State had to prove that Jones had a prior felony conviction. Jones' counsel had told the jury that Jones had "a prior record" and was a convicted felon. The State, without objection, tendered a certified copy of Jones' 1993 conviction for possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. This was not improper.
While charging the law on possession of a firearm by a convicted felon, the court apparently erred by stating that possession of cocaine is a felony, a crime not mentioned in the indictment. See Greenhill v. State, 199 Ga.App. 218, 222, 404 S.E.2d 577 (1991). Jones contends that the trial court compounded the error by failing to read the indictment and by not restricting the jury to consideration of the offenses listed in the indictment.
The record does not support Jones' claim. In its preliminary instructions and in its final charge, the court explicitly informed the jury that Jones was being tried only for the three crimes charged in the indictment: pointing a gun at another, criminal trespass, and possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. The court expressly defined each count in detail. Although from the record before us, we cannot discern whether the jury was given a copy of the indictment, the verdict form provided to the jury plainly listed each of the three separate counts and the court properly instructed the jury on completion of that form. Having considered the charge as a whole and in view of the overwhelming evidence of Jones' guilt, we do not find that reversal is warranted. Owens, 263 Ga. at 101-102(2), 428 S.E.2d 793; Howard v. State, 202 Ga.App. 574, 576, 415 S.E.2d 45 (1992).
3. Jones asserts that his trial counsel was ineffective for failure to preserve the defectiveness of the jury charges for appeal and for failure to object when the State impermissibly injected his character into the case by eliciting testimony that Jones had been arrested for holding guns for a gang.
To establish ineffectiveness, an appellant must show not only that his counsel's performance was deficient, but also that the deficiency prejudiced him. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 (1984); Anderson, 262 Ga. at 333(5), 418 S.E.2d 39. Failure to satisfy either prong of the Strickland standard is fatal to an ineffectiveness claim. Brewer v. State, 224 Ga.App. 656, 657-658(2), 481 S.E.2d 608 (1997).
Here, we find no reasonable probability that the outcome of the trial would have been different had counsel objected to the detective's testimony which insinuated Jones' possible connection to a gang. Trammel v. State, 265 Ga. 156(1), 454 S.E.2d 501 (1995). Because the trial court's finding that Jones was not denied effective assistance of counsel was not clearly erroneous, it must be affirmed. *257 Warren v. State, 197 Ga.App. 23, 24(1), 397 S.E.2d 484 (1990).
Judgment affirmed.
BEASLEY, P.J., and BLACKBURN, J., concur.
NOTES
[1] Jones was indicted only for pointing a gun at the victim's son.
