764 S.W.2d 610 | Ark. | 1989
Lead Opinion
Appellant, Mary C. Jones, filed a petition seeking a declaration of her right of survivorship in a checking account. Appellees asserted their rights to the funds in the account as beneficiaries and representatives of an estate. The trial court held that appellant had failed to establish that the account was held jointly with right of survivorship. The appeal is here on certification from the Court of Appeals. We affirm.
On October 2,1973, Avis Lindsey and her husband, Claude, opened a joint checking account with right of survivorship. On October 19,1974, Claude Lindsey died and Avis Lindsey became the sole owner of the account. On December 11, 1974, Avis Lindsey and her niece, appellant Mary Jones, went to the bank. Avis Lindsey had her niece sign the same account card which she and her husband had signed on October 2,1973. Appellant signed on the same line on which Claude Lindsey had signed; however, Avis Lindsey did not sign the card again. Her earlier executed signature remained on the card, and no other changes were made. The account card clearly designates that it establishes a joint account with right of survivorship.
On January 22, 1979, Avis Lindsey executed her will. Paragraph thirteen (13) of the will provides that after the payment of debts, expenses, and specific bequests of $1,000 to Stoney Point Cemetery and $200 to Shiloah Cemetery, two of the appellees in this case, the balance of funds in her checking account was to go to her great-niece, appellee Robin Garner. The checking account named in the will is the same account for which appellant Jones signed the account card.
The question presented is whether the actions taken by appellant and the decedent were sufficient to establish a joint checking account with right of survivorship. The answer is that they were not.
Ark. Stat. Ann. § 67-552 (Repl. 1980) was in effect at the time the account was originally established in 1973, and also when appellant Jones’s name was added in 1974. Consequently, it governs the outcome of this case. See Martin v. First Security Bank, 279 Ark. 273, 651 S.W.2d 70 (1983). That statute provides in pertinent part:
67-552. Accounts and certificates of deposit in two or more names. — Checking accounts . . . may be opened ... by any banking institution with the names of two (2) or more persons, either minor or adult, or a combination of minor and adult, and such checking accounts, . . .maybe held:
(a) If the person opening such account, . . . designates in writing to the banking institution that the account or the certificate of deposit is to be held in “joint tenancy” or in “joint tenancy with right of survivorship,” or that the account shall be payable to the survivor or survivors of the persons named in such account or certificate of deposit, then such account. . . and all additions thereto shall be the property of such persons as joint tenants with right of survivorship. . . . The opening of the account... in such form shall be conclusive evidence in any action or proceeding to which either the association or surviving party or parties is a party, of the intention of all of the parties to the account... to vest title to such account . . . and the additions thereto in such survivor or survivors.
We have often held, that there must be substantial compliance with the designation in writing requirement of the statute in order to create a joint tenancy with right of survivorship. Cook v. Bevill, 246 Ark. 805, 440 S.W.2d 570 (1969).
When Claude Lindsey died, Avis Lindsey became the sole owner of the account. In order for her to create a new joint tenancy with someone else, it would have been necessary for her to demonstrate that intention in compliance with § 67-552. Even though the account card clearly states that it establishes a joint account with right of survivorship, the only person who signed the card on December 11, 1974 was appellant Jones. The decedent, Avis Lindsey, did not. Her signature was essential at that time in order to create the new joint tenancy relationship. As we have said many times, a survivorship deposit is closely akin to a will. Requiring all of the formalities associated with the execution of a will is necessary to safeguard the will’s validity. Consequently, it is also necessary that there be substantial compliance with the requirements of Ark. Stat. Ann. § 67-552 (Repl. 1980) in order to safeguard the validity of survivorship accounts that were established while it was in effect.
Appellant cites the case of Penn v. Penn, 284 Ark. 562, 683 S.W.2d 930 (1985) in support of her position that it was not necessary for Avis Lindsey to re-sign the account card, nor for her to sign a new card in establishing the joint tenancy. Penn, however, is distinguishable from the facts of the instant case. In Penn, the issue before this Court was whether there was a sufficient designation in writing to comply with Ark. Stat. Ann. § 67-1838 (Repl. 1980) so that certificates of deposit belonged to the survivor, rather than to the estate of the decedent. Ark. Stat. Ann. § 67-1838 (Repl. 1980) contained a “designate in writing” requirement almost identical to that in Ark. Stat. Ann. § 67-552 (Repl. 1980). Guthrie Penn had purchased two (2) $30,000 CD’s from a savings and loan association. The CD’s were issued to Guthrie Penn or Patricia Penn, his daughter-in-law, and they both signed a signature card relative to each CD stating that the account was held in joint tenancy with right of survivorship. As the CD’s matured, Patricia Penn would surrender the old CD’s. New CD’s would be issued to Guthrie Penn or Patricia Penn to replace the matured CD’s. No new signature cards were signed. The existing signature cards were simply altered with a white substance obliterating the old numbers and dates with new numbers and dates typed in. Gutherie Penn did not come to the savings and loan office on the occasions when the CD’s were surrendered and reissued. We held there was substantial compliance with the designation in writing requirement.
The distinguishing feature of Penn is that both parties signed the account card at the time the tenancy relationship was established. That relationship never changed even though the CD’s matured and were surrendered and replaced through the years. In the instant case, the decedent signed the card at the time a joint tenancy relationship was established with Claude Lindsey; however, that joint tenancy relationship ended with his death. She never signed the card to establish a joint tenancy with appellant. Consequently, the designation in writing requirement of Ark. Stat. Ann. § 67-552 (Repl. 1980) was not met.
Although there was testimony that the decedent, Avis Lindsey, had intended for the funds in the checking account to go to appellant when she died, there was not substantial compliance with the statutory requirements to effectuate that intention. Accordingly, the funds in the checking account became a part of Avis Lindsey’s estate and must pass in accordance with the terms of her will.
Affirmed.
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting. The majority decision so clearly conflicts with Ark. Stat. Ann. § 67-552 (Repl. 1980) that, in writing my dissenting view, I find it unnecessary to do little more than to refer to that statute’s pertinent language which reads as follows:
(a) If the person opening such (checking) account, . . . designates in writing to the banking institution that the account. . .is to be held in “joint tenancy” or in “joint tenancy with right of survivorship”, or that the account shall be payable to the survivor or survivors of the persons named in such account. . . then such account. . .and all additions thereto shall be the property of such persons as joint tenants with right of survivorship .... The opening of the account ... in such form shall be conclusive evidence in any action or proceeding to which either the association or surviving party or parties is a party of the intention of all of the parties to the account. . . to vest title to such account. . . and the additions thereto in such survivor or survivors. . . . (Emphasis added.)
In accordance with the foregoing law, Avis Lindsey and her husband, Claude, first opened the joint checking and survivorship account in issue here on October 2,1973. In doing so they signed the following card:
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Less than two months after Claude Lindsey died on October 19,1974, Avis Lindsey took the appellant, Mary C. Jones, to the bank and added Jones to the account. As can be seen from the above account card, Jones (under Mrs. Lindsey’s instructions) placed her signature alongside Claude’s earlier signature. Mrs. Lindsey did not re-sign her name to the joint account card, nor does the controlling law or statute provide that she was required to do so. Instead, § 67-552(a) clearly provides that the opening of the account is “conclusive evidence in any action or proceeding of the intention of all parties to the account to vest title to the account, and the additions thereto, in such survivor or survivors.” When Mrs. Lindsey died, Jones, who had been added to the Lindsey account, became the survivor of the account and accordingly title to the account was vested in her pursuant to § 67-552(a) and the specific survivorship terms contained on the account card.
The majority opinion requires that the person who opens a joint account must sign it each time a person’s name is added to the account, and by doing so, the court reads something into § 67-552(a) that simply is not there. In this respect, the court is, unintentionally I am sure, participating in judicial legislation. For this and the other reasons noted above, I would declare the joint account to be the property of the appellant and reverse the trial court’s holding to the contrary.
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting. In my opinion the case of Penn v. Penn, 284 Ark. 562, 683 S.W.2d 930 (1985), clearly governs the case at bar. The majority opinion attempts to distinguish these two cases. It is a distinction without a difference. I would either follow Penn or overrule it.
