98 Ga. 552 | Ga. | 1896
A paper purporting to be the last will and testament of George W. Dye was propounded for probate in solemn form, and a caveat was filed by some of Ms heirs at law.
1. One of the grounds of the caveat was that the paper was executed under a mistake of fact as to the conduct of Martin Dye, a brother of the testator, the caveat declaring that George W. Dye had “expressed himself as being unwilling to' provide for” this brother as the condition of the testator’s estate would warrant, “because he claimed that [this brother] had had a difficulty with him, when in truth and in fact there had been no difficulty.” By reference to the will, it appears that the testator directed his executors to invest $1,000, and pay the interest thereon annually to this brother during the natural life of the latter. The caveat fails to- declare at what time George W. Dye expressed an unwillingness to provide for his brother, or when he made the “claim” that there had been a difficulty between them. Nor is there any distinct allegation that but for the testator’s belief in the supposed difficulty, any other or further provision than that which the will actually contains would have been made for Martin Dye. For aught that appears, whatever the testatoT said on this subject might have been months, or even years, before the will was executed. Therefore, this ground of ca/oeat hardly comes up to the requirements of section 2403 of the code, even if that section can be held applicable to a case like this. It provides that: “A will executed under a mistake of fact as to the existence or conduct of the heirs at law of the testator is inoperative, so far as such heir at law is concerned, but the testator shall be deemed to have died intestate as to him.” We do not think it was ever contemplated that this section should be invoked to invalidate a will because of an alleged mistake of fact by a perfectly sane testator concerning a matter within his own personal knowledge and of such a nature that he really could not be mistaken about it. Unless he was laboring
While we do not rest our decision on the point now in hand upon the fact that an annuity, amounting to about $70 per annum was bequeathed to Martin Dye, this circumstance is at least entitled to some weight in arriving at the conclusion that this ground of the caveat ought not to be sustained.
2. The amendment to the above mentioned ground of
3. It was insisted, however, that the court erred in striking the ground of caveat and the amendment to the same above referred to, when offered for the purpose of showing that at the time of executing the paper propounded as a will the testator was not of sound and disposing mind and memory. "We have already dealt with the first question made in this case, upon the assumption that the testator was conceded to be sane and free from any mental defect which would deprive him of testamentary capacity. In order to show that the point now being considered is entirely devoid of merit, it is only necessary to add that there was another and distinct ground of caveat alleging the want of such capacity on the part of George W. Dye; that this ground was voluntarily abandoned by the caveators; and that the evidence showed beyond cavil or question that he was sane and thoroughly competent to make a will.
4. It would seem, at least in some instances, that the question whether or not undue influence was used to procure the execution of a will is, under the rules of evidence, a matter of opinion. A witness will not, however, in any case be permitted to testify to his opinion that such influence was used, without stating the relevant facts upon which his opinion is based. See Rollwagen v. Rollwagen, 63 N. Y. 520; McLean v. Clark, 47 Ga. 24; Howell v. Howell, 59 Ga. 146.
5. The caveators sought to prove generally by a witness that there was “something in the manner or conduct”
6. The caveators also desired to prove, that the children of Lucinda Dye had declared, on some occasion, that they could, or would, procure the testator to sell certain land to another person who wished to purchase the same. If evidence of this sort was admissible at all, which we grave- ■ ly doubt, rejecting it would not, in this case, be cause for a new trial. It bore very remotely indeed upon the questions at issue; was in no way connected with the testamentary disposition of George W. Dye’s estate; and in view of the overwhelming weight of the evidence' showing that the will was his free and voluntary act, could have been of but little probative value.
7. One of the grounds of caveat was, that the execution of the paper propounded was procured by the undue influence of Lucinda Dye and her children. This being so, the declarations of the testator, not made in the presence of these persons or while under any restraint or coercion of any kind, tending to show that the paper propounded had been prepared in accordance with his wishes and that he was satisfied with it, were admissible in evidence. See 2 Whart. Ev. §1012. On the other hand, declarations to the contrary, offered for the purpose of invalidating the paper as a will, were not admissible. Said Thompson, J., in Jackson, Coe et al. v. Kniffin, 2 Johns. 31, “to permit wills to be defeated, or in any manner whatever impeached, by the parol declarations of the testator, appears to me repugnant to the very genius and spirit of the statute, and not to be allowed.” And see the authorities cited by Atkinson, J., in Mallery v. Young, 94 Ga. 808.