110 Kan. 237 | Kan. | 1922
The opinion of the court was delivered by
Virgil W. Johnston and the Illinois Trust and Savings Bank sued F. E. Wear, F. W. Casner, and the Irrigation Loan and Trust Company to recover certain real property. The plaintiffs recovered judgment against F. E. Wear. F. W. Casner and the Irrigation Loan and Trust Company in open court disclaimed all interest in the real property and their demurrer to the evidence of the plaintiffs was sustained. All the defendants appeal, but F. 'E. Wear seems to be the only defendant now claiming the property.
So far as this action is concerned, the plaintiffs’ title to the property starts on February 2, 1915, with E. R. Mickelberry as owner, fie on that day contracted to sell the land to Frank Brasier, who caused Mickelberry to execute the deed to Grace B. Brasier, the wife of Frank Brasier. They j oined in the execution of a mortgage to E. R. Mickelberry for $4,000. The Commonwealth Trust Company became the owner of that mortgage, and in September, 1915, commenced an action to foreclose it. The plaintiffs in this action, together with the Brasiers and all who were then shown by the records to have any interest in the land, were defendants in the foreclosure action. On March 21, 1916, judgment of foreclosure was rendered, and, on May 1, 1916, the land was sold thereunder to .the Commonwealth Trust Company, to whom a certificate of sale was issued. That certificate became the property of the Irrigation
“1. That the money deposited by the moving party was a redemption by the moving parties and amounted to a redemption, and that any error or discrepancy therein was waived by the certificate holder.
“2. That the certificate holder, on learning of said redemption, prepared and tendered a quit claim deed to the clerk of this court and demanded said redemption money which was refused under the direction of Mr. E. H. Benson, the moving party’s attorney.
“3. That later, Douglas Hudson, as attorney for the moving parties, and F. W. Casner met in Kansas City, and agreed on delivery of said deed which was previously tendered to the clerk of this court, and the payment of the agreed amount by the moving party direct to F. W. Casner to complete said redemption.
“4. That said payment and delivery of said deed was simply a continuation of the proceeding for redemption and involved nothing more and in no way affected the proceeding of Wear v. Brasier in the United States Court of Kansas.
“5. That the moving parties having made redemption outside of court and having received and recorded a deed from the certificate holder to complete said redemption and clear the record of the sheriff’s deed erroneously issued on said certificate after redemption had been made.
*240 “6. That said proceeding, including the deed from the Irrigation Loan and Trust Company, to Virgil W. Johnston, recorded in Book 32, page 460, of the office of the recorder of deeds of Thomas County, Kansas, amounted to a redemption and that the said motion be therefore sustained and the clerk is hereby ordered to pay said moving parties, or E. H. Benson, their attorney, the amount deposited less the cost of this proceeding.”
The court ordered the money to be paid to Virgil W. Johnston and the Illinois Trust and Savings Bank. Virgil W. Johnston withdrew the money and receipted for it. The Irrigation Loan and Trust Company, for $4,800 paid by the plaintiffs, executed and delivered a quitclaim deed for the land to Virgil W. Johnston. That deed contained the following recital:
“This deed being given to convey all interest received or claimed under sheriff’s deed recorded in Book 10, at page 515 of the records of the office of the Recorder of Deeds of Thomas Co., Kansas.”
F. E. Wear’s title is based on judicial proceedings in the United States district court for the district of Kansas. Frank Brasier was indebted to F. E. Wear. In September, 1915, the latter commenced an action against Frank Brasier in the United States district court to collect the debt and caused a writ of attachment to be issued and levied on the land. Grace B. Brasier was not a party to that action. After Virgil W. Johnston had obtained the warranty deed from Grace B. Brasier, he and the Illinois Trust and Savings Bank intervened in the suit pending in the United States district court and claimed ownership of the land under the deed that had been executed by Grace B. Brasier to Virgil W. Johnston. That court denied the prayer of the interveners and found that Frank Brasier had, for the purpose of hindering, delaying, and defrauding his creditors, caused the deed from E. R. Mickelberry to be made to Grace B. Brasier; that the conveyance from Grace B. Brasier and Frank Brasier to Virgil W. Johnston had been made as security for the payment of an indebtedness owing by Frank Brasier to the Illinois Trust and Savings Bank; and that Virgil W. Johnston and the Illinois Trust and Savings Bank had actual notice of the pendency of the suit in the United States district court and of the issuance of the writ of attachment and of its levy upon the real property. Under section 86 of the code of civil procedure, notice of the pendency of the action in the federal court was filed with the register of deeds of Thomas county on March 22, 1916. On December 13, 1917, judgment was rendered by the federal court against Frank Brasier,
“The District Court erred in refusing and in failing to declare the law to be that an attachment creditor before judgment in the State of Kansas is not a lien holder with the right to redeem under the redemption laws,” and that—
“The District Court erred in holding that an attaching creditor whose claim was not confirmed by judgment and on which judgment was rendered after the period of redemption had expired upon a foreclosure and sale under a prior mortgage, to which proceeding such attaching creditor was not a party, was affected by such period of redemption or barred thereunder upon failing to redeem within fifteen months from the, date of said sale.”
If an attachment creditor can'hold attached land until judgment is rendered in his favor and a sale be had thereunder, it must be because he acquires a lien thereon — such a lien as may be protected by redemption from a sheriff’s sale under a judgment in favor of a prior lienholder. This court has said that an attachment creditor obtains a lien on the attached property. (Tennent v. Battey, 18 Kan. 324, 328; Wafer v. Harvey County Bank, 36 Kan. 292, 13 Pac. 209.) In the cases cited, the property attached was personal property, but no reason is apparent why there should be any difference between the effect of the attachment of personal property and an attachment of real property. The interest acquired by an attaching creditor in the attached property is discussed in 6 C. J. 266-309 under the head', “Nature and priority of attachment lien.” F. E. Wear from the time of the levy of the attachment on the property became an attachment lien creditor. (Mill Co. v. Bangs, 6 Kan. App. 38.) 6 C. J. 269 uses this language:
“The prevailing doctrine is that the lien dates from the time when the writ of attachment is levied, or, as the proposition is often stated, the title of the purchaser of attached property at an execution sale relates back to the time of levy.”
Section 478 of the code of civil procedure in part reads:
“Any creditor whose claim becomes a lien prior to the expiration of the time allowed by law for the redemption of creditors may redeem.”
F. E. Wear being a creditor and holding a lien inferior to the mortgage in the foreclosure action had the right to redeem the property from the sheriff’s sale in that action. Section 497 of the code of civil procedure now becomes very material. That section reads:'
“Real estate once sold upon order of sale, special execution or general exe*242 cution shall not again be liable for sale for any balance due upon the judgment or decree under which the same is sold, or any judgment or lien inferior thereto, and under which the holder of such lien had a right to redeem within the fifteen months hereinbefore provided for.”
The sale of the real property under the judgment in the federal court was made in violation of this statute. No right was given by that sale, nor was any title conveyed by. the deed issued under it. In Case v. Lanyon, 62 Kan. 69, 61 Pac. 406, this court said:
“By the provisions of section 23 of the act of 1893, providing for the sale of real estate upon execution or other like process (Laws 1893, ch. 109; Gen. Stat. 1897, ch. 95, art. 22; Gen. Stat. 1899, §4742, et seq. [now section 497 of the code of civil procedure]), land once sold upon such process cannot again be sold in satisfaction of any inferior judgment or lien under which the holder of such lien was allowed a right of redemption contingent upon the non-exercise of the same right by the preferred classes of persons therein mentioned, but whose contingent right did not accrue to him on account of the exercise of the superior right by one of the preferred classes.” (Syl.)
To the same effect is Gille v. Enright, 73 Kan. 245, 84 Pac. 992.
If no redemption had been made by Virgil W. Johnston, the sheriff’s deed would have conveyed the land to the purchaser free from all claims of F. E. Wear. Under a redemption statute, not materially different from our own so far as this- case is concerned, the supreme court of Arizona in Copper Belle Min. Co. v. Gleeson, 14 Ariz. 548, said:
“A redemptioner from an execution sale acquires the same interest in property sold under execution as the purchaser.” (Syl. ¶ 7.)
In White v. Leeds Importing Co., 72 Minn. 352, the supreme court of that state, in discussing the rights of a junior lienholder who had redeemed said:
“As such redemptioner, he became an innocent purchaser for value; and we discover no legal principle upon which he can be deprived of any of his property rights which he has acquired under his redemption.” (p. 356.)
The Minnesota statute, so far as this case is concerned, is ’substantially the same as ours. These decisions accord with the purpose of section 497 of the code of civil procedure. If Virgil W. Johnston had redeemed from the sheriff’s sale, he would have acquired the title that would have been conveyed by the sheriff’s deed if no redemption had been made.
“It is the general duty of the court trying a case to find upon all the issuable facts; yet findings which are not necessarily included in and become a part of the judgment, are not conclusive in other "actions. Even where such findings are confirmed by final judgment, they are adjudications only so far as they are necessarily included in and become a part of the judgment. (Auld v. Smith, 23 Kan. 65.) ‘A thing contained in the finding or verdict, but not included in or confirmed by the judgment, cannot be considered as an adjudication or used as evidence, unless some other ground can'be found for its use than merely that it is contained in such finding or verdict.’ (Auld v. Smith, supra.)” (See, also, Redden v. Metzger, 46 Kan. 285, 289, 26 Pac. 689.)
Thirteen specifications of error are argued, but it is thought that every question presented is answered and that further discussion is unnecessary.
The judgment is affirmed.