Johnston v. Johnston

182 Iowa 481 | Iowa | 1918

Salinger, J.

1. Contracts: construction: reasonableness : ante-nuptial agreements. I. Shortly before the parties were married, they made a writing stipulating that, “for valuable considerations hereby acknowledged and receipted for, and in anticipation of entering into the marriage relation with each other,” it was agreed as follows :

(a) The intending husband, “in consideration of the covenants herein contained, and for other valuable consideration,” agrees and does forever relinquish and disclaim any interest which he might obtain through or by his said marriage in a certain farm described, and in certain personal property described.

(b) The intending husband is to have possession of said farm, and improve the farm land of the intending wife in a good and workmanlike manner.

(c) He is “to be entitled and have as his share of the improvements made by him on said farm from its present condition ánd value, and for the purpose of this contract the parties hereto consent that a fair valuation of said farm land at the present time would be $25 per acre.”

(d) The indebtedness of the former husband of plaintiff, amounting to approximately $350, is to be paid and liquidated by these parties from the proceeds of said farm and certain described stock and increase thereof.

The essential position of the appellant is this:

a. A fair construction of the contract works that defendant is to receive nothing except “his share of the improvements made by him on said farm.”

b. Its language makes evident the parties contemplated that defendant should be compensated only for improvements- made by him. It is a fair construction of the contract that he should receive no more than a share of the value added to the farm “by reasons of improvements made by him.”

c. 'It was not contemplated by either of the parties that defendant should have a share in the natural increase in the value of the farm coming from a general increase of values not due to any effort on the part of either of the parties.

cl. The evidence conclusively shows defendant did not irhprove the farm, and there is no competent testimony that its value was increased by reason of any improvements defendant made thereon. Defendant tacitly admits that, aside from general increase in value, the farm is worth no more now than it was on the day contract was made. Therefore, the court was not justified in giving defendant a judgment for anything.

e. The evidence upon Avhich plaintiff obtained decree of divorce shows that defendant, by his conduct, made it impossible for the plaintiff to continue the marriage relation with him. Thereby, he has put his case within the rule which prevents one from taking a benefit under a contract if, by his own conduct, he has made it impossible for the other to carry the contract to final completion under the terms thereof. “That the appellee, of his own volition, and by his own wrongdoings-, made it impossible for the relation to be continued by the parties. Thus it was not within the power of appellant to carry out the contract that was entered into by the parties before their marriage.”

The citations for appellant further clear up her position. The proposition is made that, where one party to a contract declares that he will not perform his part, or so acts as to make it impossible for him to do so, he thereby releases the other from the contract and its obligations (9 Cyc. 641) ; that discharge by renunciation and by acts rendering performance impossible may take place while the contract is still wholly executory (9 Cyc. 635). If the promisor be prevented from performing his contract by the act of the promisee, he will be discharged from liability for nonperformance. Many authorities are cited for the proposition that, where one of the parties to a contract, either before time for performance or in the course of performance, makes performance or further performance by him impossible, the other party is discharged.

2. Contracts : conditions subsequent : ante-nuptial contracts : improvements. II. While there is conflict on whether it was done well, defendant did operate the farm; and, while it is not quite clear just how much debts he paid out of the proceeds, he did pay some. It cannot be said he met the highest standards in keeping up the farm, and the improvements placed by him thereon are of little importance. But it does appear that, when the parties left the farm, it was worth more than it was at the time the contract was made. To determine whether the trial court made the correct award and adjustment, we must pass upon what the reasonable interpretation of that contract is. It was, no doubt, intended that the defendant should place improvements on the farm. But that does not quite establish that he was to have nothing on the death of his wife except a part of what these improvements were worth. Unless that be imperative, we should not hold that the contracting parties intended what was either unfair or unreasonable. Would not the construction for which appellant contends be that? According to it, a man was to operate the farm of another, pay debts of another out of the proceeds, discharge operating expense, put on improvements, relinquish all rights in the farm that the marriage would give him, and receive nothing in consideration of all this except a part of his own money, expended for these improvements. We think that a failure to meet the requirement to put on improvements accomplishes no more than that such failure should be taken into consideration in fixing the amount that' defendant should be allowed; that the breach of this covenant is, in a sense, one of a condition subsequent, and will not work to cancel the contract. It seems to us this interpretation is reasonable, and effectuates equity and justice. And, after taking into consideration such departure from the contract to make improvements as the evidence discloses, we are not inclined to interfere with the award below for being excessive.

3. Husband and wifu : marriage settlements : subsequent misconduct of ' party: effect. As to the theory that, as the conduct of the defendant justified the decree of divorce which plaintiff obtained, the wife need not comply with the contract, because the husband has breached it, and by his conduct has made performance impossible, we have to say that so claiming involves misunderstanding of the contract. It may be conceded that, on agreement to marry on consideration that the parties to the marriage will make certain property adjustments, whatever remains executory might not need to be performed by the innocent party, if the other justify a divorce. But here is no such agreement. It was, to be sure, made in anticipation of marriage, — perhaps it may be said because of the intended marriage. But none the less it was a contract adjustment, for which release of the dower right and obligation to do work and expend money was the consideration on one hand, and a covenant to allow a share in the increase of value in the property dealt with on the other. Such a contract could be made by two who never were married, and never intended to be. As to the contract that was made, the fact that marriage was intended when the contract was made is largely adventitious. That, after the marriage was entered into, the defendant did not observe what the marriage ceremony implies, is no reason why he may not obtain what is due him under contract to be paid for services on a farm, and money expenditures thereupon.

Then, too, no act of the defendant made the completion of the contract to operate the farm until plaintiff died, impossible. It was made impossible, if at all, because both parties declared it completed, by leaving the farm and moving to town, and there establishing a permanent residence.

We agree with the conclusions reached by the trial court, and its decree is, therefore, — Affirmed.

Preston, O. J., Ladd and Evans, JJ., concur.