61 W. Va. 141 | W. Va. | 1906
On an appeal from a decree of the circuit court of Wood •county, Abraham Johnson complains of the dismissal of his bill against the Ohio River Railroad Company, upon a final hearing upon the pleadings and evidence. The suit' is founded upon a contract made between the parties, bearing date February 22, 1883, by which the plaintiff sold, and agreed to convey, to the defendant, a right of way through his farm, situated on the Ohio river, north of Parkersburg, for its road bed and track, and the defendant bound itself to do the following things: (1) “ Build on, the line of said road cattle-stops between the fields of said Johnson, as well as between his lands and the lands of adjoining owners;” (2), “make five good road crossings over said railroad track on said Johnson’s land at such points as said Johnson may designate;” (3), “construct, provide and maintain one good
As originally prepared and filed, the bill was held insufficient on demurrer because it did not aver the tendering of a deed. It was amended by an allegation of the lack of any demand or request for a deed by way of excuse for nondelivery or tender, and, as amended, a second demurrer to it was sustained, and it was again amended by allegations, denying the right of the defendant to have a deed, because of nonperformance of its covenants, but tendering one for delivery in case the court should find and determine that delivery thereof should be made. The demurrer to the bill as so amended was overruled.
The contract provided that the plaintiff should deliver a deed for the right of way when required by the defendant. Possession of the right of way was taken very soon after the date of the contract in the year 1883, and it does not appear that any deed has ever been requested, unless it can be said that the demurrers to the several bills shall be deemed requests -for it. A defense set up in the answer is lack of conformity of the deed tendered with the requirements of the contract, because it shows no clause of warranty and has not been executed by the wife of the plaintiff, it being averred in the answer that he has a wife whose name is unknown and who is still alive.
Plaintiff’s farm consists of two parts, separated by a farm belonging to one Morgan Henrie, and extends from the river back on to the river hill. The railroad . runs along the base of the hill part of the way, especially through the lower part of the farm, and through the bottom on the upper part. For the most part, plaintiff’s valuable land lies between the railroad and the river, while his residence, barn, stone-quarry and spring are back of the railroad. Adjoining the upper part of the farm lies land belonging to William Johnson.
As to the cattle-stops, the bill avers the duty of the defendant not only to build and construct, but also to maintain, them and then charges that it has wholly failed to construct and maintain them in good order and condition as the agreement and the law requires. The answer denies any obligation upon the defendant to maintain cattle-stops, but, nevertheless, avers that the defendant has constructed and maintained the same as far as there was any necessity therefor or as the same could be of any advantage to the plaintiff. It appears from the evidence that cattle-stops were originally constructed between the fields of the plaintiff and between
The facts developed concerning the road crossings are that three have been maintained, one at the plaintiff’s house, one a short distance below where a road comes down from his barn, one near the line between his lands and those of Morgan Henrie’s, and one just below the Morgan Henrie land.. One was made near the stone quarry, but has not been kept in good' condition. Failure to keep it up seems to have-been due to lack of necessity or use for it. For a short; period since the railroad was built, the stone quarry was operated under a lease and the crossing was put in more for the purposes of that quarry than for general purposes. Since the cessation of work there, but little, if any, use has been made of the crossing and it has been allowed to fall into’ decay. Since the bringing of this suit a new crossing has been made near the lower end of the farm, but it does not appear that the place at which it was put in had been designated by the plaintiff for that purpose. x There is no evidence showing that the defendant has failed to construct any road crossings at any point designated for that purpose by the plaintiff. Such crossings as have been made were constructed more than twenty years ago and presumably at places" then designated. There is evidence of general complaint made on account of non-performance of covenants but it fails.
As the road was originally constructed, two undergrade crossings were made, one just above the quarry and another at the spring just below it. At or about the time of the completion of the road through these lands, a land-slide occurred in the locality of these two . openings which necessitated alterations. The officers of the company, including the president, appeared on the grounds, made an investigation, decided the preferable means of remedyihg the difficulty to be the closing of these openings, and sent for the plaintiff who appeared on the grounds, and held a conversation with the president. Immediately thereafter, both openings were filled up. What passed between the plaintiff and the president of the company at that time is not disclosed. Col. Thompson, who was then President, has been dead for several years and William Cherrington, who was then Superintendent and on the grounds, is said to be in Oregon, and the whereabouts of a Mr. Ault, who was there' in some official capacity, are not known. Mr. C. A. Bryan, who was also there in some official capacity, says the plaintiff consented to the filling of these openings, but, on cross-examination, admits that he did not hear him give any express permission to abplish the' crossings permanently; but it does appear that the plaintiff was ’ on the ground, not only at the time of the decision that the openings should be filled, but also afterwards, while the work of filling was in progress, and that he never at any time made any objection.
It will be observed that what has been said concerning the undergrade crossing applies to some extent to the outlet for the spring. Originally an opening was left under the track so that vehicles and cattle could pass, from the lands just across the railroad from the spring, ,under the track, to the spring. This was filled and closed, as has been stated, because of the groat difficulty in maintaining the track. The land-slide pressed against the bents under the railroad, pushing them out of position and thereby obstructing the crossing and disturbing the track. When the opening was filled, a tile was put in so as to lead the water from the spring to the opposite side of the road, and the earth and materials used in making the fill seem to have spread over the
The chute for the stone quarry was never constructed, unless it was the understanding that one of the openings originally made was intended for that purpose. However this may be, it is plain that there is no such opening now and the answer admits the obligation upon the company to provide one and expresses a willingness to comply therewith.
The defendant partly complied with its covenant to build a fence on the east side of the right of way, about two years after the road was put in operation, — some twenty years ago, — but has given it no further attention and much of it, if not all, has fallen down or been destroyed. Plaintiff has allowed the land to grow up in brush and briars and, at the stone quarry, the fence was partially destroyed by plaintiff’s lessees in working the quarry.
The most serious complaints set forth in the bill and in the argument relate to the failure of the defeiidant to replace a bridge across a small water course called Miller’s Run, and to compensate the plaintiff for damages to his land occasioned bjr washings made by said run. The right of way of the railroad, when located, crossed Miller’s Run in front' of Johnson’s residence, but not at right angles. For some distance, the watercourse ran with the right of way and probably about where it was necessary to place the track. At this point a private road crossed the run and plaintiff had constructed a bridge there by means of which to cross it. Before the work of construction began, an agreement was made with him by which the defendant was authorized to alter the course of Miller’s Run by means of a ditch, so that it would cross the center line of the right of way, from
Jurisdiction in equity to enforce, by mandatory injunction, specific performance of covenants, on the part of a railroad company, to construct crossings, cattle-guards, and other structures on its right of way, when such covenants constitute part of the consideration for the grant of the right of way, is too firmly established bjr the decisions to admit of any doubt, and the principles underlying the rule are the same as those upon which jurisdiction and power to compel specific performance of other covenants and agreements are founded. The remedies at law are inadequate because they are indirect, in so far as they do give relief, and stop short of the enforcement of the covenant. They give damages in lieu of performance. To this there is added the consideration that the covenantee cannot enter upon the covenantor’s premises, as a rule, to erect the structures himself. To
Though the jurisdiction is undoubted, it does not follow that the plaintiff is entitled to the relief he seeks. Manifestly the real object of the bill is to obtain reimbursement for the outlay in replacing the bridge and damages for the injury done by the change made in the course of Miller’s Bun; for it appears in the testimpny of the plaintiff himself that the cattle-guards, the chute for the stone quarry and. the fence would be practically worthless to him at this time. He has an ample supply of water without the flow from the spring and he fails to show that he contemplates any change in the operation of his farm which will render the water from that spring either necessary to his purposes or useful to him. The same is true of that portion of the fence concerning which complaint is made, even if there be power in the court to compel the building thereof, a question' which we do not decide. The land has grown up in brush and briars and he does not say -he intends to clear it up or devote it to any use for which the maintenance of a fence would be necessary. As to the stone quarry, it has nof been used for years and he does not disclose by his bill or his evidence that he contemplates the operation of it in the future. If the chute were put in, the spring out-let perfected and the fence built, it seems certain, from the showing made on this bill, not only that no use would be made of them, but that they would be neglected by the plaintiff himself to their own destruction by casualty and the operation of natural forces. Weeds, brush and briars would be allowed to grow up around the spring and the spring itself to fill up with sediment and decayed vegetable matter. Like forces would operate to the detriment of the fence and chute.
It is well settled that courts of equity have the discretionary power, .when the circumstances warrant it, to refuse specific performance of contracts. Ordinarily it is not done, because it is apparent to the court that to refuse it would work injury and injustice, and deny an adequate remedy for the enforcement of a useful and valuable right. In all such cases, the remedy is granted as a matter of course. Since that is the ordinary status of the plaintiff, this Court has been accustomed to say such relief will be so granted. But.
This view and conclusion accord perfectly with the general principles, governing the exercise of this branch of equity ju-risdictiori. “The requisites, upon which this equity arises, are: The performance must be necessary; there must be a valuable consideration; it must be practicable; the agreement mast be certain and mutual.” Simrall, J., in Aston v. Robinson, 49 Miss. 348, 351. Here we have all except the first. Nothing is offered here as ground for relief, but naked legal right, for vindication of which the legal remedies are entirely inadequate. To obtain specific performance the additional element of equity in the case must- be shown. In the enforcement of specific performance, courts of equity do not depart from the general principles of equity jurisprudence. The test here as in other cases is inadequacy of the legal remedy. “The court uniformly refuses to decree specific performance, except in cases where such decree would be strictly equitable.” Chilton, J., in Blackwilder v. Loveless, 21 Ala. 371, 374. The jurisdiction is seldom exercised in the case of contracts, relating to personal property, because the legal remedy is adequate. “Generally, specific execution of a contract, in regard to personal property, will not be decreed, but the parties will be turned over to their legal remedies, because they are more convenient than equitable remedies,
It has already been stated that there is neither an allegation nor proof of any designation by the plaintiff of any point at which he wishes either a grade, or an under-grade, crossing made. By the terms of the contract, his designation of such points is made a condition precedent. How could the railroad company safely put in a crossing without an indication from him as to where he desired it to be made? At the time the road was constructed, a number of crossings were made, presumably at points designated. The under-grade crossings were afterwards filled up by the defendant with the knowledge and acquiescence of the plaintiff. We do not mean to say or hold that he thereby -waived,, or es-topped himself from claiming, the opening of an under-grade crossing at some other point at which it could be-maintained, or at the same place, if conditions should make it practicable at a later date to maintain one there, but we do hold that he cannot have á mandatory injunction for the construction of such an under-grade crossing, or the re-opening of one of the old ones, until he alleges and proves a specific designation of the point at which he desires it, and notice thereof to the defendant, or a demand for the re-opening of one of the old crossings, which would be in substance the same thing.
The demands for compensation for replacing the bridge and for damages for the loss of land, occasioned by the washing of Miller’s Run, are purely legal and could not be enforced here except as incidents to the granting of some*' equitable relief. Whether the enforcement of them could be
As the decree complained of takes the form of an absolute and final adjudication of all the matters set forth in the bill, in consequence of which it might be a bar to any other proceeding, either at law or in equity, for the vindication of rights which the plaintiff may have in respect to the covenants, or which may hereafter accrue to him, it will be necessary to modify it, by the insertion of a clause, saving to him the right to prosecute any other proceeding, either at law, or in equity, which he may deem it advisable to institute. But, as he did not ask for this in the court below, where, for aught that we can see, it would have been readily granted him, he is not entitled to recover the cost of this appeal. See Frye v. Miley, 54 W. Va. 324; Vandorn v. County Court, 38 W. Va. 267; Christian v. Vance, 41 W. Va. 754.
Modified and Affirmed.-