154 Ga. 653 | Ga. | 1922
Lead Opinion
The policy of insurance, upon which action in this case was brought, provides that upon the receipt of due proof that the death of the insured resulted directly from bodily injury, independently of all other causes, and that such bodily injury was effected solely through external, violent, and accidental means, and that death occurred within sixty days after such bodily injury, the company would pay to the beneficiary double indemnity; “ provided, however, that this double indemnity shall not be payable in the event of the insured’s death as a result of military or naval service in time of war, . . nor if such death be caused directly or indirectly, wholly or partly, by . . war, or any act incident thereto, . . or from police duty in any military, naval or police organization.” The policy was taken out on June 5, 1919. On June 10, 1919, the insured enlisted in the army of the United
If a policy of insurance is so drawn as to require interpretation, and is fairly susceptible of two different constructions, the one will be adopted most favorable to the insured. Thompson v. Phenix Insurance Co., 136 U. S. 287 (10 Sup. Ct. 1019, 34 L. ed. 408); Mass. Ben. L. Asso. v. Robinson, 104 Ga. 256 (30 S. E. 918, 42 L. R. A. 261). Policies of insurance will be liberally construed in favor of the object to be accomplished, and the conditions and provisions of contracts of insurance will be strictly construed against the insurer who prepares such contracts. Arnold v. Empire Life Ins. Co., 3 Ga. App. 695 (60 S. E. 470); Perkins v. Empire Life Ins. Co., 17 Ga. App. 658 (87 S. E. 1094); Wright v. Fuller, 148 Ga. 223, 226 (96 S. E. 433); Ætna Ins. Co. v.
Provisions in policies of life insurance, that the insurer does not assume risk of death which shall occur while the insured is engaged in military service, or will not he liable for such death, have been held to exempt the insurer from liability, notwithstanding the fact that death did not result from any hazard peculiar to such service. Coxe v. Employers’ Liability Assur. Cor., 2 K. B. 629; Ruddock v. Detroit L. Ins. Co., 209 Mich. 638 (177 N. W. 242); Olson v. Grand Lodge (N. D.), 184 N. W. 7, 15 A. L. R. 1270; Huntington v. F. R. A., 173 Wis. 582 (181 N W. 819); La Rue v. Insurance Co., 68 Kan. 539 (75 Pac. 494); Miller v. Ill. Bankers’ Life Asso., 138 Ark. 442 ( 212 S. W. 310, 7 A. L. R. 378); Field v. Western L. Indemnity Co. (Tex. Civ. App.), 227 S. W. 530; Nowlan v. Guardian L. Ins. Co., 88 W. Va. 563 (107 S. E. 177); Slaughter v. Protective League L. Ins. Co., 205 Mo. App. 352 (223 S. W. 819); Malone v. State L. Ins. Co., 202 Mo. App. 499 (213 S. W. 877); Reid v. Am. Nat. Ins. Co., 204 Mo. App. 643 (218 S. W. 957). In such cases the status of the insured, and not the cause of death, is the ground upon which the exemption of the insurer from liability stands; and these and like authorities hold that such exemption exists whether death occurs from natural causes wholly disconnected from the hazards of war, or from such hazards. Hnder such provisions, when 'the insured is engaged in military service, whether voluntary or involuntary, and he dies in such service, from any cause, these authorities hold that there can not be any recovery.
But under the terms of the policy, which we are considering, there is no inhibition against the insured engaging in the military service of his country. This policy contains no stipulation that the insurer will not be liable for this double indemnity if the death of the insured should occur while he was engaged in such service. This policy declares “that this double indemnity shall not be payable in the event of the insured’s death as a result of military or naval service in time of war, nor if such death be caused directly or indirectly, wholly or partly, by . . war, or any act in
In Kelly v. Fidelity Mut. L. Ins. Co., supra, the Supreme Court of Wisconsin says: “ The policy does not say that recovery shall be limited to the return of premiums paid if death shall occur while the insured is engaged in the service or work described, but the limitation applies only to death which occurs as a result, directly or indirectly, of engaging in such service.” In that ease the insured was in the military service in France, and, as a part of his military duties, was engaged in supervising the construction and operation of sawmills, sawing lumber for the use of the American Expeditionary Forces. In going from one sawmill to another, he was thrown from his motorcycle and killed. The insurance
In the policy in Gorder v. Lincoln Nat. L. Ins. Co., supra, the insured was required to obtain a permit from the company to engage in military service in war, and to pay an extra premium. In the event of his failure to do so, it was stipulated that, in case of the death of the insured in consequence of such service, the liability of the company should be no greater than the legal reserve in the policy. Without obtaining such permit, the insured entered the military service, and died of pneumonia about seven days after crossing the sea and debarking at Liverpool,. England. It was held in that case, by the Supreme Court of North Dakota, that “the cause above referred to does not limit the liability of the company, except where death occurs in consequence of military or naval service.” To a like effect are the other decisions above referred to; and we need not make quotations from them to support the conclusion which we have reached in this case. The deceased did not die as a result of the military service in which he was engaged. The untimely occurrence by which he was dispatched was not the result of his military service, directly or indirectly. It was a fatality which might befall soldier and civilian alike. His death was not due to war, nor to some act incident thereto. It was not shown that he was even being transported to the scene of any war. So far as appears, it was the transportation of troops upon a peace footing. Anyway, the burden was on the insurance company to show that this transportation of troops was an act incident to war, and that the death of the insured was caused thereby. Gorder v. Lincoln Nat. L. Ins. Co., supra.
So we feel constrained to reverse the judgment of our able brethren of the Court of Appeals.
Judgment reversed.
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting. I dissent from the judgment of reversal in this case, being of the opinion that the Court of Appeals correctly construed and applied the provision in the policy exempting the insurer from liability in the event of the insured's death happening as the result of military or naval service in time of