103 Tenn. 277 | Tenn. | 1899
This is an action of trespass brought by the defendants in error to recover damages for injuries sustained by Mrs. Wolfe in the tearing down of her fence and the destruction of the shrubbery- on her lot. There was a verdict 'for $250.
The real ground upon which this case was defended in the Court below is that the fence, when taken down, was standing on a strip of
The facts bearing upon dedication, as disclosed in the record, are as follows: The lot, of which the strip in controversy formed a part, fronted on Maple Street at the point of its intersection with Spring Street, in .Johnson City. Several years before the wrong complained of, an effort was made by many lot owners on Maple Street, to have it widened by a donation of a strip on 'each side of ten feet. All these owners on the side on which Mrs, Wolfe’s property lies agreed to this except herself. The' objection on her part defeated this original plan, but about eight years or more before the institution of this suit Mr. Wolfe did move bach the fence which stood along the front of his wife’s lot some four and one-half feet. At the time of - this removal the fence was an ordinary wooded or pailing one. Afterwards there was erected by him in its place an iron fence of a valuable and permanent char
With regard to the original act of setting the fence hack so as to throw out this strip, Mrs. Wolfe says it was done by her husband without her consent, but she adds that she did not object to the public using it as a part of the street or sidewalk, and that she knew of its use during all the years it was thus outside, and was also aware that the authorities of the town had caused to be constructed the crossing already referred to and of its extension from this strip. Mr. Wolfe corroborates this testimony of his wife.
On the subject of implied dedication the law i's well settled that, so far as the owner of the
The • true rule is dearly stated by Mr. Elliott on page 92 of the work just referred to, in the following terms: “The public, as well as individuals, have a right to rely on the conduct of the owner as indicative of his ' intent. If the acts- are such as would fairly and reasonably lead an ordinarily prudent man to infer an intent to dedicate, and they are so received and acted upon by the public, the owner cannot, after acceptance by the public, recall the appropriation.” And we think while it is true that in the case of a married woman a stronger case must be made out than ■ if she was discovert to induce the Court to ' apply the rule of implied dedication to her, yet when a case is made in favor of the public, the doctrine of estoppel in pais may be invoked against her. In such a case she is held bound, because it would be a fraud upon the rights of others to permit her to gainsay- what she ■ had done and deprive others of rights they have acquired upon the faith of what her acts and declarations implied. Idem., p. 108.
This rule of estoppel in pais has been applied by this Court, in cases of private rights, to femes' covert. Galbraith v. Lunsford, 87 Tenn., 89; Pilcher
It is true that there are other English cases and some American cases holding that a much longer period .is necessary to create the easement, yet the weight of authority, at least in this country, since the leading case of the City of Cincinnati v. The Lessee of White, decided by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1832, and reported in 6 Pet., 431, is that the right of the public to the street or highway dedicated by implication does not rest upon the length of time it is used. In formulating the propositions settled by this case in Vol. 2, Sec. 631, of his work on Municipal Corporations, Judge Dillon states the fifth and last of these propositions in these words: “Ho specific length of time is essential to constitute a valid dedication; all that is required is the assent of
In view of this rule and as applying to the issue in this case the plaintiff was entitled to a submission to the jury of the following special request, which Avas declined by the trial Judge, to wit: “If the fence of Mrs. .Wolfe was set back on a line Avith other fences by her husband, and she allowed it to remain set back for eight years, and she allowed the strip of ground in question to be used by the public as a part of the street or sidewalk without objection on her part, said acquiescence by her would amount to a dedication of said strip of land to the public use; and this would be true although she did not authorize or consent to the setting back of the fence in the outset.”
Eor error in declining to give this request the judgment must be reversed.