59 Mo. App. 653 | Mo. Ct. App. | 1894
The only question presented by this appeal is whether, under the facts shown by the evidence, the plaintiff is entitled to a mechanic’s lien against the leasehold interest owned by the defendant Haydoek in the property hereinafter described. The trial court decided that the plaintiff was entitled to such lien, and from this ruling the Merchants and Manufacturer’s Railroad and Warehouse Company, which was the lessor of Haydoek and was and still is the owner of the premises, appeals. The contention made by the appellant is two fold: First, that the work done was not of a lienable character as against a mere leasehold interest, and, next, that the plaintiff by his subsequent conduct forfeited or waived any lien which it might have otherwise enforced. Eor the purpose of intelligently discussing the merits of this contention it is essential to set out the facts disclosed by the evidence, touching which there is no substantial controversy, and which, briefly stated, are as follows:
In September, 1890, the appellant let to Haydoek for the term of ten years, beginning January 1, 1891, certain premises in the city of St. Louis. The premises thus let contained a building already erected thereon, covering an area of 400 by 600 feet, which, however, was out of repair. Haydoek leased the building for a carriage manufactory, and at the date of the lease it was in contemplation of the lessor and lessee that it •should be fitted up by the lessee to answer that purpose.
The section of the mechanic’s lien law, which bears upon the question as to whether the work done by the plaintiff was lienable, is section 6708 of the Revised Statutes of 1889, and is as follows:
“Every building or other improvement erected, or materials furnished, according to the provisions of this article, on leased lots or lands, shall be held for the debt contracted for or on account of the same, and also the leasehold term for such lot and land bn which the same is erected; and in case the lessee shall have forfeited his lease, the purchaser of the building and lease
This section was first adopted in 1857 (Laws 1856-57, p. 668) as part of a mechanic’s lien law specially applicable to St. Louis county, but was incorporated, in the general mechanic’s lien law applicable to the-whole state in the revision of 1865, and has remained part of said law ever since. Its meaning was first, construed in Koenig v. Mueller, 39 Mo. 165, where it. was held, among other things, that, if the improvements or additions to the premises are such as the leesee would be, permitted to remove at the end of' his term, they are not improvements within the meaning of this act, so as to be subject to a mechanic’s lien. This definition was characterized as too broad in Collins v. Mott, 45 Mo. 100, but it was stated at the same time that, as applied to the facts of that case, it was strictly correct. As a tenant may at the expiration of the term, if the lease permits him to do so, remove even a buiding, and as a building is made lienable in.
That these decisions are not only borne out by the letter of the statute, but also by its underlying principles will appear on reflection. What is the foundation of the entire mechanic’s lien law? It is this: The mechanic, even while in the temporary possession of the building in course of erection, could not enforce an artificer’s lien for the work and material furnished by him, because, as soon as he attaches it tp the building, it ceases to be personal property, becomes attached to the freehold, and is not severable from it without the consent of the owner. But why should he be entitled to this additional lien, when his right to an artificer’s lien is in no way impaired until he sees fit to part with the possession finally? As between the mechanic and owner, the law governing attachments of this character is the one which applies to fixtures between mortgagor and mortgagee; but, as between the mechanic and the tenant, it is that which applies to
It must be further considered that any other construction would lead to this absurd result. It is well settled law that the lien in its inception attaches to the building, if at all, when the work is done and materials are furnished. If the building is once accepted by the owner or lessee, its subsequent destruction would not displace the lien, if perfected. Hence the result in many cases- would be this: The tenant would place trade fixtures upon the land, and upon his failure to pay for them the mechanic would place a lien upon the house and leasehold. The tenant, being by law authorized to do so, could remove the fixtures, and yet the building of the owner would be bound for them, although he had never received any benefit from the fixtures, and it was never contemplated that he should. We can not conceive that the law contemplated such an absurd result.
The proper answer to the question, whether the work and material furnished by the plaintiff was lienable as against a leasehold, is dependent upon the finding whether the work was done on trade fixtures removable by the tenant, or whether it was done on a building within the meaning of that term as used in section 6708, supra. If the former, the work is nonlienable; if the latter, it is. Now, while the question,
Further complications arise in this case from the fact that the lessee made an assignment for the benefit of his creditors. It appears that the plaintiff proved up the demand before the assignee, and participated in the fund in the assignee’s hands, which was, in part at least, realized from a bonus paid to the lessee for surrendering the lease upon compromise between |himself and the defendant lessor. As the demand had thus passed into judgment, it is doubtful, to say the least, whether the plaintiff may still prosecute his claim in this action upon open account; and, as the plaintiff knowingly received in part the benefit of a sale of these fixtures by the assignee to the defendant owner, it is certainly, at least, doubtful whether it did not thereby waive whatever lien it ever had.
Our mechanic’s lien law contemplates a proceeding upon an open account and not upon a judgment, and we have so decided, at the last term, in LaCrosse Lumber Company v. The Audrain County Agricultural and Mechanical Association. We have also decided
It results from the foregoing that, under the conceded facts of this case, the court should have decided, as requested by the defendant owner, that, under the pleadings and evidence, there must be a judgment for the defendant on plaintiff’s mechanic’s lien claim. The defendant lessee has not appealed. The plaintiff, therefore, is entitled to hold its judgment against him.
The judgment of the lower court is reversed in so far as it awards a lien against the property, and is affirmed as far as it is a general judgment against the defendant, Daniel W. Haydock.
This opinion will be reported in 60 Mo. App. 22.