97 Colo. 196 | Colo. | 1935
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting.
A careful consideration of the record and the authorities impels me to dissent from the conclusion reached by a majority of my brethren.
The facts distinguish this case from Board of County Commissioners v. Churning, 4 Colo. App. 321, 35 Pac. 918,
It was a mere defect which could not possibly affect the substantial rights of the parties, and such defects we are
It was a defect the objection to wbicb, at common law, bad to be made by plea in abatement, and under tbe Code must be raised by demurrer when it appears on tbe face of tbe complaint, otherwise by answer. If not so made, it is waived. The record does not show any such objection. Tbe case was tried to tbe court upon a stipulation of facts, wbicb related only to tbe merits. Tbe record recites that tbe stipulation was made by “tbe plaintiff and tbe defendant, by their attorneys. ’ ’ Tbe opinion of tbe court deals only with tbe merits. It is clear beyond tbe possibility of a doubt that both counsel and tbe court treated tbe case as though tbe county were in court under tbe proper name. Tbe statute declares that a county shall be “a body corporate and politic, and as such shall be empowered * * * to sue and be sued.” (Italics are mine.) C. L. §8658. Tbe fourth section farther on (section 8662) prescribes tbe name in wbicb a county shall sue and be sued. A mistake in tbe name is a mere misnomer, objection to wbicb must be taken in apt time or it is waived. It is not a fatal defect. It goes not to tbe substance, but only to the form, and may be corrected by amendment. Del Monte Live Stock Co. v. Board of County Commissioners, 24 Colo. App. 340, 133 Pac. 1048; Union Pacific R. Co. v. Board of Commissioners, 69 Kan. 278, 76 Pac. 865. Clearly tbe objection was waived in tbe present case. Tbe briefs filed herein argue tbe case fully on tbe merits. Tbe first and only time tbe objection was raised was at tbe close of tbe answering brief filed in this court. Counsel there makes this suggestion: “Aside from tbe extent of tbe tax ben, it appears that any action brought by tbe plaintiff should have been against tbe defendant designated as under Section 8662, C. L. Colorado, 1921; Phillips County v. Churning, 4 C. A. 321.” That, and nothing more! Counsel for the plaintiff in error ignore tbe objection entirely. 'They not only do not argue it, but do not even mention it in their briefs.
The views expressed in the Churning case, supra, concerning the invalidity of the judgment are, it is respectfully submitted, out of harmony with modern judicial thought. That case was decided close to half a century ago, when courts sometimes regarded as fatal defects that today are not so regarded. More and more the tendency is to pay less attention to form and more to substance, to make the former yield to the latter, to aim at substantial justice rather than at technical perfection.
In 1877, in Moynahan v. People, 3 Colo. 367, the defendant was charged with the murder of Patrick Fitz Patrick. Upon the trial it appeared that the deceased’s name was Patrick Fitzpatrick. He was convicted. The court reversed the conviction, holding that the indictment was fatally defective, saying that the indictment “afforded the prisoner no information as to the person with whose death he is charged.”
Four years after the decision in the Churning case, supra, the same judge who wrote the opinion in that case wrote the opinion in Sullivan v. People, 6 Colo. App. 458, 41 Pac. 840. There the defendant was charged with having stolen the property of Michael Johnson. At the trial it appeared that the stolen property belonged to Mike Johnson. The defendant was convicted. The Court of Appeals, following Moynahan v. People, supra, reversed the judgment, holding that the variance was fatal.
Such decisions, although in accord with holdings in those days, would be, or ought to be, impossible now.
As late as 1901 the Court of Appeals, influenced no doubt by the highly technical attitude of the courts in the Moynahan and Sullivan cases, supra, rendered a decision that it became necessary for this court to overrule in part. The opinion was written by the same judge who wrote the opinion in the Churning case, supra. The case is Denver & Rio Grande R. Co. v. Loveland, 16 Colo. App. 146, 64 Pac. 381. In Denver & Rio Grande R. Co. v. Nu
“* * * the error but a misnomer, properly subject to correction by amendment. Hernan v. The American Bridge Co., 167 Fed. 930, 93 C. C. A. 330.
“True, the record shows service on the Railway Company but the defendant’s evidence shows there was none except on the Railroad Company. It was the duty of the court then to correct the record.
“In Denver and Rio Grande Railroad Company v. Loveland, 16 Colo. App. 146, 64 Pac. 381, the report of the case does not show that it was made to appear to the court that the service was really on the Railroad Company and not on the Railway Company and the opinion states that there was no misnomer. That case, therefore, can perhaps be distinguished from the present, but, insofar as it cannot it must be regarded as overruled.”
In 1913, nineteen years after the decision in the Churning case, supra, our Court of Appeals, in Del Monte Live Stock Co. v. Board of County Commissioners, supra, departed from the narrow, hypertechnical attitude displayed in the Churning case and rendered a decision in harmony with modern judicial views on the subject of parties. The court held that the name by which the defendants were designated was “technically insufficient”; that such defect must be raised by either demurrer or answer; that if the defendants (appellees) had objected to the defect in the trial court and properly preserved
Section 30, article 6, of the Colorado Constitution requires all process to run in the name of “The People of the State of Colorado.” In Carnahan v. Pell, 4 Colo. 190, process, issued after the adoption of the Constitution, ran in the name of “The People of the Territory of Colorado. ” (Italics are mine.) We held that to be not a fatal but an amendable defect.
Board of Commissioners v. Young, 3 Wyo. 684, 29 Pac. 1002, is cited in the majority opinion in this case. Suit was brought in the name of “The Board of the County Commissioners of the County of Sweetwater.” The defendant did what should have been done here, demurred for defect of parties. It was claimed that The Board of the County Commissioners of the County of Sweetwater was not authorized to bring the suit. The trial court sustained the demurrer, and the supreme court reversed the ruling, holding that the action was brought in the proper name. How that decision aids the majority opinion, I am at a loss to understand.
Now what is the situation disclosed by the record in the case at bar? The county of Phillips received money which in law as well as in equity and good conscience it is not entitled to retain, but should return to the John Deere Plow Company. It put that money into its treasury and refuses to restore it to its rightful owner. Should a recovery be denied because of the hypertechnical objection suggested for the first time in this court, evidently as
In my opinion, the judgment should be reversed.
Mk. Justice Bouck concurs herein.
Lead Opinion
delivered the opinion of the court.
An action to recover taxes paid under protest. Judgment of dismissal entered and the taxpayer assigns error.
The proceeding was against “The County of Phillips, State of Colorado.” An action so brought is not maintainable. “In all suits or proceedings, by or against a county, the name in which the county shall sue or be.sued shall be, the board of county commissioners of the county of..............” C. L. 1921, §8662. Even had the taxpayer been successful below its judgment would have been unavailing. Board of County Commissioners v. Churning, 4 Colo. App. 321, 35 Pac. 918. “We have but one statutory provision concerning the manner in which a suit shall be brought against a county. It must be brought against the board of county commissioners of the county sued. That is the corporate name of the county for the purposes of the suit, and there is no authority to sue it by any other name. In this case the statutory requirement having been disregarded, the judgment is a nullity.” Id. See, also, Board of Com’rs Sweetwater County v. Young, 3 Wyo. 684, 29 Pac. 1002; County of Rock Island v. Steele, 31 Ill. 543; 15 C. J. 665, §379; 7 R. C. L. 966, §40.
Let the order be that the judgment is affirmed.
Mr. Chief Justice Butler and Mr. Justice Bouck dissent.