198 A. 486 | Pa. Super. Ct. | 1938
Argued March 9, 1938. This was an action in assumpsit to recover total and permanent disability benefits under a life insurance policy. The court below entered judgment for the defendant on an affidavit of defense raising questions of law under section 20 of the Practice Act of 1915, P.L. 483. The judgment must be affirmed.
The policy was issued on March 4, 1926, when the insured was fifty-three and a half years old. He was born on September 4, 1872.
The policy provided that "if the insured is totally and presumably permanently disabled before age 60 [the insurance company] will pay to the insured twenty dollars monthly during such disability, besides waiving premium payments, all upon thecondition set forth in section 3". [Italics supplied.]
The conditions under which the insured would be entitled to claim the disability benefits provided in the *444 policy are set forth under the heading, "Section 3. Benefits inevent of total and permanent disability."
After defining total disability and permanent disability within the meaning of the policy it provides:
"When Benefits become Effective — If, before attaining the age of sixty years and while no premium on this Policy is in default, the Insured shall furnish to the Company due proof that he is totally and permanently disabled, as defined above, the Company will grant the following benefits during the remaining lifetime of the Insured so long as such disability continues."
Then follow the specific and detailed provisions as to the disability benefits covered by the policy, which it is not necessary to recite for the purposes of this case.
It will be noted that by the express provisions of the policy the disability benefits become effective — that is, are payable or recoverable under the policy — only if "before attaining the age of sixty years . . . . . . the insured shall furnish to the company due proof that he is totally and permanently disabled" as defined in the policy.
Total and permanent disability must not only begin before the insured attains the age of sixty years, but due proof of that disability, as defined in the policy, must be furnished to the company before the insured attains that age, in order that liability for such disability may attach. Due proof to the company, before the insured becomes sixty years of age, of such total and permanent disability is, therefore, a condition precedent to the insured's right to the disability benefits provided in the policy.
The clause is so clear and unambiguous that no resort to the decisions of other jurisdictions or policy contracts containing dissimilar provisions is necessary or of advantage.
The case is governed in principle by the ruling of the Supreme Court in Courson, Exrx., v. New York *445 Life Ins. Co.,
The appellant did not comply with the condition on which the liability of the company to pay disability benefits was made dependent. He gave the company no notice of his alleged total and permanent disability until July 30, 1935, when he was nearly sixty-three years old, and then brought suit and sought to recover disability benefits from July 27, 1932, averring in his statement of claim that by reason of a certain operation on that date, followed by a second operation on June 12, 1933 and a stroke of paralysis on May 20, 1934, he has been totally and permanently disabled since July 27, 1932, and that he himself did not have knowledge of the total and permanent nature of his disability until on or about May 15, 1935.
It is unfortunate that the first operation which the insured underwent on July 27, 1932, and from which he avers he has never recovered, was so near the date when he became sixty years of age (September 4, 1932), that the clause providing that total disability should be presumed to be permanent if it "has existed continuously for ninety days" could not apply before the insured became sixty years of age. But neither that unfortunate circumstance nor the insured's own failure to realize *446 the permanent character of his disability until nearly three years after he became sixty years old can create a liability excluded by the clear and plain provisions of the policy. InCourson v. New York Life Ins. Co., supra, failure to give notice was due to the mental condition of the insured, but that did not excuse his failure to comply with the condition precedent of due notice to the company.
As we said in the Lyford case: "The clause, making the furnishing of due proof of total and permanent disability a condition precedent to liability, is a proper, reasonable and salutary one to prevent fraud and deception being practiced on the insurer. The necessity for some such provision is recognized in Courson v. N.Y. Life Ins. Co., supra, Lucas v. John HancockMut. Life Ins. Co. supra, [
The appellant relies chiefly on the ruling of the Supreme Court in Leslie v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co.,
The differences above-recited in the material facts and in the provisions relating to notice to the insurance company distinguish that case from this one and *448 render the decision there inapplicable here. In the Leslie case failure to give the required notice of the accident would have the effect of invalidating a claim for liability which had attached. In the present case, notice and due proof to the company, before the insured became sixty years of age, of the alleged total and permanent disability was a condition precedent to the attaching of liability.
Judgment affirmed.