Lead Opinion
Petitioner Jawahir Barre Aden is a native of Somalia. Aden and her three children entered the United States illegally from Kenya, using fraudulent documents provided by a smuggler. Conceding she is removable, see 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(1)(A), Aden apрlied for asylum, for withholding of removal, and for relief under Article 3 of the Convention Against Torture for herself and the children. After an evidentiary hearing, the Immigration Judge (“IJ”) denied all relief in a thorough opinion. Aden aрpealed the IJ’s decision, and the Board of Immigration Appeals affirmed without opinion. Aden now petitions this Court for judicial review. We have jurisdiction to review the agency’s final order of removal. See 8 U.S.C. § 1252.
I. Background.
At the hearing, Aden testified that she and her family belong to the small Tunni clan and lived on a farm in Bardhere, Somalia. In January 1991, dictator Said Barre fled the country, and roving bands of clan-based militia began fighting for power and looting and pillaging defenseless non-combatants. Aden testified that five armed men broke into her family’s home in April. One man slapped Aden and then raped her. Another shot and killed her brother. Aden’s mother was kicked while trying to protect her sister. The home was looted. Aden did not know the men but believes they were members of the large Hawiye clan. Aden and some family members fled to Kenya, where she lived in various refugеe camps for many years, marrying twice and giving birth to the three children. Aden has not had contact with members of her family for many years but believes they have returned to Somalia.
The IJ found Aden ineligible for asylum on alternative grounds. First, the IJ found Aden’s testimony not credible because it was vague and totally uncorroborated, and because her hearing testimony describing the attack on Aden and her family was inconsistent in significant respects with her account in the written asylum application (Form 1-589) and with the story she told the asylum interview officer some months before the hearing. Second, the IJ found that Aden did not establish that she appliеd for asylum within one year of arriving in the United States, as the asylum statute requires. Third, the IJ found that Aden failed to prove past persecution, that is, harm suffered “on account of’ a protected ground such as membership in the Tunni clan. Fourth, based upon recent Department of State reports regarding Somalia, the IJ found that Aden does not have a well-
II. Discussion.
.Asylum. To be eligible for asylum, an alien must demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence that she filed an application for asylum within one year of arriving in the United States. . 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2)(B). Aden testified that she аrrived in the United States on June 1, 1999, at Chicago, Illinois. She submitted the asylum application that fall. The IJ found that Aden failed to meet this requirement because she “provided no objective documentation to рrove she arrived in the U.S. on June 1, 1999,” and “her cousin testified that the cousin had been helping [Aden] for Vk to 2 years in Minnesota and that [Aden] lived in Milwaukee before coming to Minnesota.” Accordingly, the IJ denied the application for asylum on this ground. ' '
On appeal,'Aden argues that the IJ erred in making this determination because her testimony on this issue 'Was credible. However, the statute expressly provides that “[n]o court shall hаve jurisdiction to review any determination of the Attorney General under” § 1158(a)(2). 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(3). As the finding that Aden failed, to meet the one-year requirement is a “determination of the Attorney General under” § 1158(a)(2), that determinatiоn is not subject to judicial review. Ismailov v. Reno,
Withholding of Removal. To qualify for withholding of removal to a specific country such as Somalia, an alien must show a clear probability that her “life or freedom would be threatened in that country” because of her race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or pоlitical opinion. 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(A). “Withholding of removal involves a higher degree of certainty that persecution will occur than that required for asylum eligibility.” A1 Tatum v. Ashcroft,
The IJ found Aden’s testimony not credible. Findings of fact are “conclusive unlеss any reasonable adjudicator would be compelled to conclude to the contrary.” 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B). In particular, an IJ’s credibility finding is entitled to much weight, and we defer to that finding if it “is supported by a specific, cogent reason for disbelief.” Perinpanathan v. INS,
The Convention Against Torture. An alien is eligible for relief under the Convention Against Torture if she shows "that it is more likely than not that . . . she would be tortured if removed to the proposed country of remоval." 8 C.F.R. § 208.16(c)(2). Torture is narrowly defined as an extreme form of cruel and inhuman treatment intentionally inflicted by or with the acquiescence of a person acting in an official capacity. 8 C.F.R. § 208.18(a). In some сases, a claim for relief under the Convention Against Torture may require separate analysis by the agency even if the alien is ineligible for asylum and withholding of removal. For example, in Habtemicaci, wе remanded only the Convention Against Torture claim because the alien presented evidence that he might be executed for deserting the military if he was removed to his native country.
The petition for review is denied.
Notes
. When the Board affirms without opinion, the IJ's decision becomes the final аgency action for purposes of judicial review. See 8 C.F.R. § 1003. 1(e)(4)(ii); At Tawm v. Ashcroft,
Concurrence Opinion
concurring.
I concur in thе majority's thoughtful opinion. I write separately to indicate my concerns regarding the record presented to this court, and to underscore that our decision is not intended to trivialize the plight of minority clan members in Somalia
I must agree that Aden's statements at various times were inconsistent and that these inconsistencies gave the immigration judge ("IJ") "specific, cogent reason[sJ" to find her testimony not credible. Pеrinpanathan v. INS,
Aden's testimony before the IJ was that her brother was killed and she was beaten and raped during a home invasiоn at her family residence in Bardhere.
Had Aden been able to prove any of these stories, she would qualify for relief. If she was raped and beaten due to her membership in a minority clan, and if her brother was murdered for similar reasons, she certainly would have established that she was eligible for withholding of removal. See 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(A) (stating that the attorney general may not generally remove an alien to a country where the alien’s life or freedom would be threatened due to membership in certain protected classes). Unfortunately, the record does not provide any reasonable explanation for Aden’s markedly inconsistent stories. First, Adеn filed her asylum application, which detailed the rape and home invasion; next, in her asylum interview, she changed her narrative entirely, claiming instead she was sexually assaulted during the family’s flight from their home; finally, at the hearing, she reverted to a version that approximated her original account, but supplemented it with the assertion that her brother was murdered during the episode. Given these discrepancies, I сannot fault the IJ for finding Aden not credible. Accordingly, I concur in the majority opinion.
. Although I recognize that efficiency is an important asset to us due to the number of cases that they handle, it is also importаnt to provide asylum applicants, who may be subject to persecution or even death if returned to their home countries, a fair opportunity to present their cases.
. Although the spelling of this city varies throughout the record, I will accept the Ii's use of this spelling in her decision and follow suit.