31 S.E.2d 673 | Ga. Ct. App. | 1944
Lead Opinion
O. E. Jarvis Jr. was convicted in the criminal court of Fulton County on an accusation containing eleven counts, charging him with having violated the usury laws of this State. His conviction was upheld by this court. Jarvis v. State, 69 Ga. App. 326 (25 S. E. 2d, 100). A motion to set aside the judgment was denied by Hon. Jesse Wood, presiding judge of the criminal court. The writ of certiorari was granted by the superior court. On the hearing the writ was overruled and dismissed, and Jarvis excepted.
The contention now before this court is, that the affidavit on which the information or accusation was founded was void, on the ground that no legal oath was administered to the prosecutor; that since the affidavit was void the information or accusation founded thereon was void; and that for these reasons the criminal court of Fulton County did not acquire jurisdiction of the subject-matter, and all proceedings resulting in the conviction and sentence were nugatory and of no effect. The act of 1890-91 (Ga. L. 1890-91, vol. 2, p. 937, sec. XI), provides: “That criminal prosecutions in said court may be instituted by written information or accusation, plainly and distinctly setting forth the offense charged, containing the name of the prosecutor and signed by the solicitor-general, and founded on affidavit.” There were a number of counts in the accusation. All were identical, except that the transactions in them set forth dealings with parties other than the prosecutor. For this reason we will set forth only one of the counts, which is as follows: “State of Georgia^ County of Fulton: Came in person before me H. L. Bailey who being duly sworn deposes and says on oath that from the best of his knowledge and belief, C. E. Jarvis, trading as Salary Investment Company, is guilty in the offense of: Misdemeanor. Count 1. That the said C. E. Jarvis Jr.,-trading as Salary Investment Company, in said County of Fulton on the 17th day of January, 1941, did engage in the business of lending money in the amounts of $300 (three hundred dollars), and less, and did charge, contract for, and receive a greater rate of interest than eight per centum (8) per annum on said loans and for the use of said money from one or more of the following persons, to wit: H. L. Bailey, Edward Johnson, Sam A. Cannon, Parks S. Jones, John D. Leverett, Clifford F. Thigpen, and William G. Perry, without having a license from the State Superintendent of Banks,
Thus it appears on the face of the information or accusation that it is regular in every respect and is a full compliance with the provisions of the act of 1890-91. This being true, it must as a matter of law be presumed that the criminal court of Fulton County thereby acquired jurisdiction of the subject-matter. The Code, § 38-113, reads in part as follows: “Presumptions are either of law or of fact. The former are conclusions and inferences which the law draws from given facts.” Thus it may safely be said that the affidavit on its face makes out a prima facie case in favor of the jurisdiction of the court concerning the subject-matter involved. American Tie & Timber Co. v. Tyler, 18 Ga. App. 640 (4) (90 S. E. 86). In Gibson v. Gibson, 54 Ga. App. 187, 188 (187 S. E. 155), this court, citing approvingly other decisions, said: “Bare presumptions of law give way to testimony, which may shift the burden of proof or of proceeding to the opposite party, and he is not then entitled to prevail upon the presumption alone. . . Whether the presumption has been successfully rebutted with testimony is ordinarily a question for the jury. . .. Where there is proof of facts or circumstances to support the presumption, and the evidence as a whole is conflicting, a verdict in favor of either party will not be disturbed upon general grounds.” The presumption that a proper oath was administered to the prosecutor prevails and sustains the information or accusation until dethroned by sufficient evidence to rebut the 'presumption. It might' be well now to call attention to the essentials of a valid affidavit. In Miller v. Camber, 9 Ga. App. 255, 258 (71 S. E. 9), the court stated: “It will be noticed that in this form which is commonly used, the statement that the affiant was duly sworn is not the statement of the affiant, but on its face purports to be the statement of'the attesting officer. It is substance, not mere form, that is to be observed. The affidavit is therefore good, provided (1) that ther^ is a written statement; (2) that the oath is administered to the
Let us analyze more closely the record which prima facie sustains the presumption that the court properly had jurisdiction of the subject-matter, and see whether the evidence to the effect that no lawful oath was administered is as a matter of law sufficient to overcome the prima facie case established by such presumption. In the first instance we have the jurat of the attesting officer that Bailey was sworn. In addition, we have a statement over the signature of the solicitor, as State’s attorney, to the effect that the accusation is based upon the affidavit. The presumption that these officers did their duty is recognized in law as being sufficient to establish the fact, prima facie, that a proper oath was administered. The burden rested on the defendant to overcome this presumption. In the course of the opinion in Britt v. Davis, 130 Ga. 74, 77 (60 S. E. 180), the Supreme Court used these words: “The law has not prescribed any exact formula of words or specific ceremony which must be used in order to constitute'a valid administration of an oath. Certain forms of expression are generally followedi But if the substance is present, a lack of literal compliance with form will not invalidate the oath.” In the second instance, did the evidence of Bailey, as a matter of law, overcome this presumption? After giving certain testimony concerning his appearance before the grand jury the witness was asked if he did not later make an affidavit before Mr. L. C. Forbes, and he answered: “I don’t know who Mr. Forbes is. I talked with Mr. Bond Almand about it and he talked with me at considerable length. I signed that paper there. I didn’t know what was in it, but I did care. I didn’t hold up my hand and swear to it, and I
Judgment affirmed.
Rehearing
In' the motion for rehearing counsel state: “Movant contends that the court, in holding and deciding that the jurisdiction of the subject-matter is a jury question, has overlooked the case of Thompson v. State, 47 Ga. App. 229 (4) (170 S. E. 328), in which it is held that the jurisdiction of the subject-matter is for the court and not for the jury.” We have carefully reread the original opinion in the light of this contention. In that opinion we did not intend to give the impression that jurisdiction was a jury question. The motion to set aside the judgment in the instant case was based on evidence which was brought out on cross-examination by counsel for the appellant. Attention was not called to this issue during the progress of the main trial, and the court did not submit it to the jury as a question for them to decide. The instant case is a motion to set aside the verdict and judgment on the ground that this evidence shows that the whole proceeding was void because it showed that no lawful oath was administered, and therefore the whole proceeding was void because the court did not have jurisdiction of the subject-matter. Then it was that the court and not a jury decided that the evidence which appellant relied on was not sufficient to overcome the presumption of law that a legal oath was administered to the witness. We think the trial court was right, but this does not mean that the court submitted this particular issue to a jury. Counsel evidently placed an erroneous construction on our judgment from quotations from certain decisions dealing with the presumption of law in certain cases where the facts did go to the jury. The principle is the same, whether the issue of fact is to be decided by the jury or by the court.
Rehearing denied.
Lead Opinion
1. Where, as here, it appears on the face of the information or accusation that a proper oath was administered to the affiant, it will be presumed that a lawful oath was administered to him. This presumption is prima facie sufficient to confer jurisdiction of the subject-matter on the criminal court of Fulton County in compliance with the legislative act creating such court, which provides that criminal action may be instituted by written information or accusation founded on affidavit.
2. To constitute a valid oath it is not essential that the affiant should hold up his hand and swear. It is necessary only that both he and the officer understand that what is done by them is all that is necessary to be done by either of them to complete the act of swearing. When it appears, as here, that a lawful oath was administered, the presumption which arises prevails until overcome by evidence.
The contention now before this court is, that the affidavit on which the information or accusation was founded was void, on the ground that no legal oath was administered to the prosecutor; that since the affidavit was void the information or accusation founded thereon was void; and that for these reasons the criminal court of Fulton County did not acquire jurisdiction of the subject-matter, and all proceedings resulting in the conviction and sentence were nugatory and of no effect. The act of 1890-91 (Ga. L. 1890-91, vol. 2, p. 937, sec. XI) provides: "That criminal prosecutions in said court may be instituted by written information or accusation, plainly and distinctly setting forth the offense charged, containing the name of the prosecutor and signed by the solicitor-general, and founded on affidavit." There were a number of counts in the accusation. All were identical, except that the transactions in them set forth dealings with parties other than the prosecutor. For this reason we will set forth only one of the counts, which is as follows: "State of Georgia, County of Fulton: Came in person before me H. L. Bailey who being duly sworn deposes and says on oath that from the best of his knowledge and belief, C. E. Jarvis, trading as Salary Investment Company, is guilty in the offense of: Misdemeanor. Count 1. That the said C. E. Jarvis Jr., trading as Salary Investment Company, in said County of Fulton on the 17th day of January, 1941, did engage in the business of lending money in the amounts of $300 (three hundred dollars), and less, and did charge, contract for, and receive a greater rate of interest than eight per centum (8) per annum on said loans and for the use of said money from one or more of the following persons, to wit: H. L. Bailey, Edward Johnson, Sam A. Cannon, Parks S. Jones, John D. Leverett, Clifford F. Thigpen, and William G. Perry, without having a license from the State Superintendent of Banks, *619 contrary to the laws of said State, the peace, good order, and dignity thereof. . . Sworn to and subscribed before me this, the 15th day of June, 1941. [Signed] Homer L. Bailey. [Witnessed by] L. C. Forbes, N. P., Ga. State-at-large. . . this accusation is based on the above attached affidavit, June term, 1941. Homer L. Bailey, prosecutor. Bond Almand, solicitor, criminal court of Fulton County."
Thus it appears on the face of the information or accusation that it is regular in every respect and is a full compliance with the provisions of the act of 1890-91. This being true, it must as a matter of law be presumed that the criminal court of Fulton County thereby acquired jurisdiction of the subject-matter. The Code, § 38-113, reads in part as follows: "Presumptions are either of law or of fact. The former are conclusions and inferences which the law draws from given facts." Thus it may safely be said that the affidavit on its face makes out a prima facie case in favor of the jurisdiction of the court concerning the subject-matter involved. American Tie Timber Co. v.Tyler,
Let us analyze more closely the record which prima facie sustains the presumption that the court properly had jurisdiction of the subject-matter, and see whether the evidence to the effect that no lawful oath was administered is as a matter of law sufficient to overcome the prima facie case established by such presumption. In the first instance we have the jurat of the attesting officer that Bailey was sworn. In addition, we have a statement over the signature of the solicitor, as State's attorney, to the effect that the accusation is based upon the affidavit. The presumption that these officers did their duty is recognized in law as being sufficient to establish the fact, prima facie, that a proper oath was administered. The burden rested on the defendant to overcome this presumption. In the course of the opinion in Britt v. Davis,
Judgment affirmed. Broyles, C. J., and MacIntyre, J., concur. *623
Rehearing denied. Broyles, C. J., and MacIntyre, J., concur.