135 Va. 406 | Va. | 1923
delivered the opinion of the court.
This is a writ of error to a judgment in favor of Smith: Brothers against the James River Lumber. Company for an alleged breach of contract for sale of lumber by the former to the latter. A somewhat detailed statement of the evidence is essential to a proper disposi-tion. of the questions involved.
(a) “90,000 feet four by four mill run oak, eight, ten and twelve feet, and to be mill manufactured and dry stock and delivered in ninety days. Price $50.00 per thousand feet f. o. b. cars Bixby, N. C.” The terms for payment were “net cash when loaded.”
(b) “75,000 feet four by four mill run pine, ten and twelve feet long, cut standard widths and to be shipping dry when loaded and to be shipped in ninety days. Price, $53.00 per thousand feet, f. o. b. cars Bixby, N. C.” The terms for payment were “net cash when loaded.”
It did not so appear in the written memoranda evidencing the contracts, but was understood, and was proved without objection as a part of the contracts, that the lumber company would send an inspector to Bixby, N. C., to inspect the lumber and to give shipping instructions before it was shipped; and, further, that Smith Brothers were to order cars for shipment of the lumber, but could only do this in accordance with shipping instructions given them by the lumber company.
On June 26, 1920, J. R. Wray, an inspector employed by the lumber company, and also its purchasing agent, through whom it had made the two contracts in question, went to Bixby and inspected and gave shipping instructions for two cars of oak, which were at the siding in part fulfillment of the contract for the oak; and on June 29, 1920, he returned to Bixby and inspected and gave shipping instructions for a third car of such oak. All three of these cars were loaded and shipped out by Smith Brothers under instructions given by Wray.
There is a conflict in the evidence as to what transpired with respect to the balance of the oak at the time of the loading of the third car. One of the Smith Brothers, who was present, testified that he asked Wray when he would take up the balance of the oak, and that Wray said he would have to confer with the president of the lumber company, and made no complaint about the quantity of oak which was then at the siding. Wray, on the other hand, testified that he asked Smith about the balance of the oak and that Smith said he did not have any more oak and could not get it.
Smith testified further, that on June 29th his firm had at two of their mills, two and four miles respectively from Bixby, more than enough oak and pine lumber of the kind and quality called for to complete the contracts which they could have delivered at Bixby faster than it could be inspected; that all of this lumber had been sawed since the contracts were made on April 8th; that they were at all times thereafter ready, willing and anxious to deliver all of the lumber of both kinds which they had sold to the lumber company; and that they had held the lumber for the company and had it on hand when this suit was brought, having made no effort to sell it because they considered it sold to the company.
When Wray was at Bixby inspecting the dak, Smith Brothers had at the siding about 45,000 feet of pine which they had hauled there to apply on the contract for 75-,000 feet of pine. The space at the siding was full at that time, so that no more lumber could be unloaded there from the mills until some of what was already on the yard had been shipped out.
The lumber company did not pay promptly for the three cars of oak. One car was paid for on July 9th, one on July 15th, and the remaining one on October 28, 1920.
The only correspondence between the parties which appears in the record is as follows: (1) July 6, 1920, a letter from Smith Brothers to the James River Lumber Company insisting on immediate payment for the three cars of oak, and adding “Your pine boards are ready to ship any time, let us know what day we can load.” (2) July 9, 1920, letter from the company to Smith Brothers in reply to the above, enclosing check for the car inspected by Wray on June 29th. This letter states that the company understood Wray had given Smith Broth
Smith testified that his firm wrote several times to the company asking it to take up the balance of the lumber, but got no reply. The president of the company denied this, and testified that the only letter the company received in regard to the lumber after October 13th was a letter from Smith Brothers’ attorney. This is shown to have been a letter from the attorney requesting payment for the balance of the lumber. What reply, if any, was made to the attorney does not appear, nor does it appear that anything further passed between the parties until the 25th of April, 1921, when this suit was brought. Smith testified, however, and was not contradicted, that the company never at any time prior to the bringing of this suit notified his firm that it would not take the lumber called for in the contract.
There was a rapid decline in the market price of oak
“The court instructs the jury that the contract sued on, dated April 8, 1920, provides that the lumber contracted for should be delivered by the plaintiffs in ninety days from their dates, and if the jury believe from the evidence that the plaintiff failed to deliver said lumber, or any part thereof, within ninety days from the dates of said contracts, such failure was a breach of the contracts by the plaintiffs, and they will find for the defendant, unless the jury further believe from the evidence that the defendant waived such breach.”
There was no error in refusing this instruction, because it fails to give adequate recognition to the undisputed fact that delivery of the lumber was to be preceded by inspection and shipping instructions furnished by the defendant. - The delivery required was a delivery f. o. b. ears at Bixby, which meant that the cars had to be ordered and loaded by the plaintiff, and this could not be done until after shipping instructions had been given. The qualification in the instruction rendering it
“The court further instructs the jury that if they believe from the evidence that the pine lumber tendered by the plaintiffs to the defendant under said contract, and within ninety days from its date, was not in accordance with the terms of said contract, such tender would not be a performance of said contract, even in part, and the plaintiffs could not require the defendant to accept it.”
There was very little evidence to justify the giving of such an instruction as this, because there was nothing to show that the defendant ever offered or made any attempt to inspect the pine lumber, but if it be conceded that the defendant was entitled to some such instruction, there was no reversible error in refusing this one, because the instructions which the court did give told the jury in effect that before they could find for the plaintiffs they must believe from the evidence that there had been a substantial compliance with the contract on their part. The instructions as given were as follows:
“The eourt instructs the jury that if they believe from the evidence that the plaintiffs cut the lumber men*415 tioned in the contracts of April 8, 1920, within ninety day.,., from date thereof and was able and ready to ship the kind and quality of lumber called for in said contracts, upon inspection and shipping instructions from the defendant, and that the defendant fail.... and refused to have same inspected or give shipping instructions for the balance of said lumber, then the defendant breached his contract and is liable for the difference between the market price of said lumber and the contract price at the bringing of this suit.
“The court instructs the jury that if they believe from the evidence that the plaintiffs did not have the lumber sawed according to specifications as called for in the contracts and told Wray so when he loaded the first three cars, then the plaintiffs breached said contract and they must find for the defendant.
“The burden of proof is upon.the plaintiffs to establish his case to the satisfaction of the jury except as to the plea of set off in which either case the burden is on the defendant.
“The court instructs the jury that if they believe from the evidence that the plaintiffs could not and did not deliver the oak lumber called for in the contract, and so informed the defendant’s agent, then the plaintiff is liable to the defendant for such damages as it has proven it sustained.”
The remaining assignment of error challenges the action of the court in giving the above instruction upon the measure of damage, the contention being that plaintiffs’ recovery ought to have been limited to the difference between the market price of the lumber at the expiration of the ninety days provided for in the contract and the price named therein, instead of the difference between the market price and contract price at the time of bringing the suit.
Upon a view of all the evidence, the instructions-which the court gave seem to us to have fairly presented the questions in the case from the standpoint of both parties and to have properly left to the jury the settlement of any conflicts in the testimony. The judgment, complained of must be affirmed.
Affirmed.