Jackson v. StateJackson v. State
The appellant, Douglas Marshall Jackson, appeals his multiple convictions of first-degree murder and the imposition of the death penalty for those convictions. We have jurisdiction,
The facts of this case, with regard to this dispositive issue, are as follows. Appellant‘s counsel, an attorney in private practice, was retained by appellant‘s parents to represent appellant in the trial of this cause. Newly-appointed counsel represents appellant in this appeal. The trial was originally scheduled for August 17,
During the course of the jury selection and during the trial itself, defense counsel made several references to his medical problems and how they were adversely affecting his performance. At one point during the proceedings, counsel made an oral motion to withdraw based upon his inability to effectively assist his client. The trial court denied this motion.
The issue of counsel‘s ability to effectively assist appellant was again raised in a post-conviction motion for new trial, which was filed on November 6, 1981, but which was not heard by the trial court until December 2, 1982. The motion was supplemented with an affidavit from his treating physician which stated that counsel had been treated prior to trial for a head wound and high blood pressure and that, at the time of the trial, he was on medication which had the known side effects of slurred speech and drowsiness. The physician also stated in the affidavit that, three months after the trial, he had certified that counsel should not be involved in trials for ninety days. The trial judge denied the motion for a new trial.
We recognize that the decision to grant or deny a motion for continuance is within the discretion of the trial court and that, when such a motion is denied, it may be reversed on appeal only when there has been a showing that the trial judge abused his discretion. Williams v. State, 438 So.2d 781 (Fla. 1983), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 104 S.Ct. 1617, 80 L.Ed.2d 146 (1984); Jent v. State, 408 So.2d 1024 (Fla. 1981), cert. denied, 457 U.S. 1111, 102 S.Ct. 2916, 73 L.Ed.2d 1322 (1982); Magill v. State, 386 So.2d 1188 (Fla. 1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 927, 101 S.Ct. 1384, 67 L.Ed.2d 359 (1981); Cooper v. State, 336 So.2d 1133 (Fla. 1976), cert. denied, 431 U.S. 925, 97 S.Ct. 2200, 53 L.Ed.2d 239 (1977). The law is also clear, however, that when the unrefuted facts establish that the physical condition of a trial attorney prevents the attorney from adequately representing his client, the failure to grant a continuance is reversible error. See Thompson v. General Motors Corp., 439 So.2d 1012 (Fla. 2d DCA 1983); Palmer v. State, 380 So.2d 476 (Fla. 2d DCA 1980); Diaz v. Diaz, 258 So.2d 37 (Fla. 3d DCA 1972); see also Courtney v. Central Trust Co., 112 Fla. 298, 150 So. 276 (1933)(serious illness of attorney‘s wife). The record in this case is unrefuted that defense counsel suffered a head injury prior to trial and was taking medication that caused drowsiness and dizziness. In addition, his physician subsequently indicated that counsel should not be involved in trial work while recovering from this condition.
We realize that, in most circumstances, the trial court should be restrictive in granting motions for continuances and must always be watchful that counsel is
Although not required to do so in light of our disposition of this case on the appellant‘s first issue, we deem it appropriate to briefly address the refusal of the trial court to permit the backstriking of jurors during jury selection. In this cause, the trial judge stated during voir dire, “There is not going to be any backstrikes; do you understand that?” and “I want to be sure there are no more backstrikes on either side.” We recently addressed this issue in Rivers v. State, 458 So.2d 762 Fla. 1984), in which we reaffirmed the right of a defendant to challenge any juror peremptorily before the jury is sworn. This principle of law was adopted by this Court more than one hundred years ago in O‘Connor v. State, 9 Fla. 215 (1860), in which this Court stated:
[I]f the prisoner, at any time before any juror was or jurors were sworn, had retracted his election of such juror or jurors and expressed his desire to challenge him or them, it was his right to do so until the whole of his peremptory challenges were exhausted.
Id. at 229. See also Jones v. State, 332 So.2d 615 (Fla. 1976). We again emphasize that a party may challenge any juror at any time before the jurors are sworn. A trial judge has no authority to infringe upon a party‘s right to challenge any juror, either peremptorily or for cause, prior to the time the jury is sworn.
For the reasons expressed, we find that we must reverse appellant‘s convictions and remand for a new trial.
It is so ordered.
BOYD, C.J., and ADKINS, OVERTON, ALDERMAN, McDONALD, EHRLICH and SHAW, JJ., concur.