Isom v. State

83 Ga. 378 | Ga. | 1889

Bleckley, Chief Justice.

The indictment had but a single count. It charged the offence of assault with intent to murder, by cutting and stabbing with a razor, or other sharp instrument to the jurors unknown. The verdict was, “ We, the jury, find the defendant guilty of stabbing.” Should the motion in arrest of judgment have been sustained ?

Section 4369 of the code reads as follows : “ Any person who shall be guilty of the act of stabbing another, except in his own defence or other circumstances of justification, with a swoi’d, dirk or knife, or other instrument of the like kind, shall, on conviction, be punished as prescribed in section 4310 of this code: Provided, always, that if such stabbing shall produce death,'the offender shall be guilty of murder'or manslaughter, according to the facts and circumstances of the case; or if such stabbing shall not produce death, and the facts and circumstances show that it was the intention of the person stabbing to commit the crime of murder, then and'in such case, the offender shall be guilty of the offence óf an assault' with intent to commit murder.”

Had the indictment charged the offence of stabbing only, it should by its terms have negatived the exception in the statute; that is, it should have alleged that the act of stabbing was not done by the' accused “ in his own defence of other circumstances of justification.” Elkins v. The State, 13 Ga. 435. Hut as the offence charged was assault with intent to murder by stabbing, the exception was impliedly negatived by other terms found in the indictment, to wit, “ with intent then and there unlawfully, feloniously and with malice aforethought, to kill and murdef.” Arnold v. The State, 51 Ga. 144. It follows that the kind of stabbing alleged in the indictment was criminal stabbing; and as verdicts áre to have a reasonable intendment, and are not to be set aside unless from necesssity (code, §3561), the verdict should be construed as finding a criminal stabbing; that is, such as the indictment alleges; the meaning of the jury being that the offence committed, by reason of the intent to murder being absent, was not the major offence charged, but the minor offence included within it. The verdict is not in any sense a special verdict, but a general one finding the accused guilty of this minor offence. The distinction between a special verdict and a partial verdict will be seen by reference to 1 Bish. Crim. Proced., §§1006, 1009. A special verdict sets out the facts and leaves it to the court to form the conclusion of law. See McGuffie v. The State, 17 Ga. 498. A par tial verdict is one of conviction as to a portion of the charge, and acquittal or silence as to the residue. The whole of the charge in this bill of indictment was unlawful stabbing with intent to murder.. The part .found by the jury was the stabbing alleged, but without intent to murder. It may be that all the decisions heretofore made by this court upon analogous questions, are not quite reconcilable. Most of them in which the verdicts were held incomplete, were not cases of a major offence charged and a minor offence found, but cases in which the verdicts applied directly to the offences expressly charged, but stopped short in their finding of the requisite facts to constitute those offences. Of this class are Couch v. The State, 28 Ga. 367, and O’ Connell v. The State, 55 Ga. 191. In Thomas v. The State, 38 Ga. 117, however, the case belonged to the same class as the one we are now considering. The indictment was for murder, and the verdict was “ guilty of involuntary manslaughter.” The judgment was arrested because there were two grades of involuntary manslaughter, one punishable as a felony, the. other as a misdemeanor, and the verdict not showing which of these grades the jury intended. On the other hand, in Welch v. The State, 50 Ga. 128, which was also an indictment for murkier, the verdict was “ guilty of manslaughter ”; and there it was held that by legal intendment, the grade of manslaughter contemplated was the highest known to the law, to wit, voluntary manslaughter. 'Whether these two cases are in harmony with each other, we need not undertake to say,, since the present case is distinguishable from them both. The offence of stabbing, as disinguished from assault with intent to murder and all other offences, is always of the -same grade, aud amenable to the same measure of punishment. It was of this offence that the verdict intended to find the accused guilty, and not of a bare act of stabbing. In the light of common sense, this is the only construction the verdiet admits of. If the jury had thought the evidence showed the act of stabbing by the accused was innocent, that is, done in self-defence or other circumstances of justification, they would have found him not guilty; because in that case he would not have been guilty of stabbing, as the verdict declared him to be. "We are content to abide by and apply the principle enunciated in Arnold v. The State, 51 Ga. supra, tested by which there was no error in denying the motion to arrest.;thé judgment. - Judgment affirmed.. ;