Isaacs v. Bardon
114 Wis. 142
Wis.
1902
Check Treatment
Dodge, J.

Tbe rights of the parties must depend upon tbe second contract, made in February, 1890; for, whatever may have been their respective rights and duties prior to that time, they voluntarily entered into that agreement to control for tbe future. That instrument recognizes tbe purchase by tbe plaintiff of certain specified lots upon a plat, and tbe payment of tbe full purchase price therefor, except $1, and con*147tains an absolute covenant on the part of the defendant that, in case tbe remaining $1 of purchase price be paid “at the times and in the manner above specified, he will, on demand, •thereafter cause to be executed and delivered to the said party of the second part, or his legal representatives, a good and ■sufficient deed, in fee simple, of the premises above described.” The time of payment of this $1 was to be “when the deed is executed and delivered.” From these two provisions it cannot be doubted that the plaintiff would have been ■entitled to his deed at any time when he demanded the same; the $1 payment being, of course, merely formal, but yet a condition which he must perform. The document evidenced the fact that the whole equitable title had passed to the plaintiff, and that a conveyance was to be at his option. This clear obligation is modified by the interpolation of the clause, “It is the purpose of this contract that it be a bond for a deed to be •executed by said Bardon, or his legal representatives or heirs, •whenever said plat is recorded.” It is inconceivable, however, that the parties, after the sale by one of certain premises, and ■the full payment therefor by the other, accompanied by possession and improvements thereon, could have intended that the plaintiff’s legal title, necessary to enable him to sell the lots, should be indefinitely postponed, and his rights as an •owner placed wholly at the discretion and option of the other party. There being some measure of ambiguity as to the ex-dent to which the absolute undertaking by defendant to convey upon demand is modified by the clause last quoted, the situation occupied by the parties in February, 1890, at the time of making this agreement, is of some materiality. That position is quite clearly disclosed. It involved a purchase some two or three years before, at a time when both parties anticipated .■great development of the city of Ashland, of certain lots upon a plat covering an entire quarter section of land, belonging to the defendant. The correspondence between the parties' makes perfectly obvious the fact that the purchase was a *148speculative one, with, a view to selling again; also that the plaintiff, with the knowledge; and indeed to some extent with the co-operation, of the defendant, had cleared up the lots and had built houses upon two of them. A letter of the defendant requesting plaintiff to accept the so-called bond for a deed, instead of the deed, indicates as a reason therefor defendant’s desire to temporarily withhold his plat from record. As a result of all these considerations, we cannot doubt that the force of the last-quoted clause in that agreement was to temporarily postpone the acknowledged right of the plaintiff to immediate conveyance of the premises as lots upon a recorded plat, and that both parties had assented to that measure of modification of the otherwise complete right of the plaintiff to his deed. But the contract does hot define the period of that limitation. It leaves it wholly indefinite. The construction must be, therefore, either that it rested with the defendant, Bardon, absolutely and wholly, so that, if he saw fit never to record the plat, the plaintiff would never be entitled to a deed of the lots for which he had paid, or it must be deemed to have been subject to the limitation which the law customarily fixes upon agreements where the time of performance is not specified by the parties, namely, that a reasonable time is allowed therefor, unless, indeed, it should be treated as vesting the option in the plaintiff to terminate the delay at his will by demand. The first construction, whereby the plaintiff might never acquire the legal title to the premises he had purchased and paid for, we cannot entertain as expressing the intention in the mind of either party; assuming, as we must, that they were rational men and that the contract was intended to accomplish some purpose. Abandoning that construction as impossible, the most favorable one to the defendant is that he had reserved to himself a reasonable time within which he should not be compelled by the demand of the plaintiff to legally record his plat and to convey the lots according to it. It is quite unnecessary to discuss how short *149a time might satisfy this idea, under all the circumstances, for the plaintiff allowed more than nine years to elapse; and it is too plain for discussion that parties could not have contemplated as a reasonable time for the suspension of this purchaser’s legal title a longer period than that.

If, then, as seems to us. unavoidable, it be determined that the reasonable time accorded the defendant to record his plat had elapsed, we have only the other element of the contract, unembarrassed by that qualification, namely, the absolute agreement of Bardon to make a good and sufficient deed upon plaintiff’s demand. This he categorically refused, according to the undisputed testimony of McCloud; and we 'can discover no escape' from the conclusion that the contract was wholly broken at that time, and plaintiff informed that, notwithstanding his payment for the lots, the defendant would not convey them to him; that the consideration for which his money had been paid had, by the wrongful act of the defendant, failed. No plainer case for the exercise of the right of rescission can be presented. Plaintiff might, it is true, have sued for his damages. Whether he might' also have maintained an action for specific performance, involving, as it did, an act on the part of Bardon in acknowledging and recording his plat, which, perhaps, a court of equity could not perform in the event of his refusal, is a question we need not decide. Certain limitations on the efficacy of such a proceeding are discussed in Park v. M., St. P. & S. S. M. R. Co., post, p. 347, 89 N. W. 532. True, courts are not swift to enforce absolute rescission of contracts for breaches of their terms not going to the whole consideration thereof, but in this case there was not only the technical refusal of the defendant to make a deed when demanded, but there was upon the trial his declaration that he never would convey the lots according to the plat contemplated at the time of contracting. Time, he only declared negatively that he would not record the plat, but he made no suggestion that he was willing to convey other than *150by metes and bounds. This we cannot consider in any respect a compliance with the contract of purchase and sale which had been made. The conveyance of specified lots according to a certain plat would have given to the plaintiff important and valuable rights, such as would not accompany a deed made without reference to that plat. Donohoo v. Murray, 62 Wis. 100, 22 N. W. 167; McFarland v. Lindekugel, 107 Wis. 474, 83 N. W. 757. It was therefore entirely plain that Bourdon refused to convey to the plaintiff that for which he had paid his money, from which arose his right to recover back that which he had paid, and also the amount to which he had enhanced the value of the premises by building thereon or otherwise improving them in reliance upon defendant’s agreement to convey to him, with interest, however, only from the date of notice of rescission. Rice v. Ashland Co., ante, p. 130, 89 N. W. 908.

Apparently, the court below escaped this conclusion, partly at least, on the ground of plaintiff’s laches. To this view we cannot subscribe. Plaintiff was under no duty to act until he was informed of some denial of his rights by defendant. During all the period from 1890 to 1899 he was justified in the supposition that Bardon still intended to record the plat, and not until September, 1899, did he receive any intimation to the contrary. Up to that time he supposed he was accommodating defendant’s convenience. After that information he acted with due diligence, for within a little more than a year he exercised his election to rescind, notified defendant, and brought suit. Meanwhile defendant’s position was in no wise changed. ( There are here no facts on which to impute laches. Plaintiff was clearly entitled to recover such sum as the evidence justified, and the trial court should so have in-' structed the jury. Direction of verdict for defendant was error.

By the Court. — Judgment reversed, and cause remanded for a new trial.