OPINION
Relator Sara Irvine challenges the decision of the unemployment law judge (ULJ) that she could not establish an unemployment-benefit account because her employment with respondent St. John’s Lutheran Church of Mound (St. John’s Church) was noncovered employment. Irvine argues that the operative statute does not require covered employment as a condition of eligibility and contends that she should receive benefits because she was unemployed through no fault of her own. Because Irvine’s employment with St. John’s Church was noncovered employment and because the church did not elect to have the employment deemed covered employment, and because equitable allowance of unemployment benefits is not authorized, we affirm.
FACTS
St. John’s Church employed Irvine as its business administrator from September 5, 2006 through February 27, 2009. St. John’s Church’s employment handbook indicated that the church paid unemployment taxes and implied that its employees would receive unemployment benefits if they lost their jobs through no fault of their own.
Irvine’s employment ended through no fault of her own and she applied for unemployment benefits and attempted to establish a benefit account, but was notified by the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED) that employment with a church could not be used to establish a benefit account. She appealed, and, after a hearing, the ULJ reached the same conclusion. The ULJ affirmed on reconsideration and Irvine brought this certiorari appeal.
ISSUES
1. Was Irvine’s employment with a tax-exempt church “noncovered employment,” so that she did not earn any wage credits from that employment which could be used to establish an unemployment-benefit account?
2. Should Irvine be allowed unemployment benefits for equitable reasons?
ANALYSIS
When reviewing the decision of the ULJ, we may affirm the decision, remand the case for further proceedings, or reverse or modify the decision
if the substantial rights of the [relator] may have been prejudiced because the findings, inferences, conclusion, or decision are
(1) in violation of constitutional provisions;
(2) in excess of the statutory authority or jurisdiction of the department;
(3) made upon unlawful procedure;
(4) affected by other error of law;
(5) unsupported by substantial evidence in view of the entire record as submitted; or
(6) arbitrary or capricious.
Minn.Stat. § 268.105, subd. 7(d) (2008). An appellate court will exercise its own independent judgment in analyzing whether an applicant is entitled to unemployment benefits as a matter of law.
Markel v. City of Circle Pines,
“Statutory interpretation is a question of law reviewed de novo.”
Samuelson v. Prudential Real Estate,
I.
Irvine first argues that she meets all of the eligibility conditions in Minn. Stat. § 268.085, subd. 1 (2008), and she contends that the statute does not require an employee to be in covered employment to be eligible for benefits. We examine the statutory language to assess Irvine’s argument.
DEED will pay unemployment benefits to an applicant who meets certain requirements. Minn.Stat. § 268.069, subd. 1. First, the applicant must file an application for unemployment benefits and establish a benefit account in accordance with Minn. Stat. § 268.07. Id., subd. 1(1). The applicant must also meet certain eligibility requirements, including having “an active benefit account.” Minn.Stat. §§ 268.069, subd. 1(2), (3), (5) (eligibility requirements), 268.085, subd. 1(1) (requiring as a condition of eligibility “an active benefit account”).
After the application is filed, DEED will issue a determination-of-benefit account, in which DEED calculates the applicant’s weekly benefit amount and the maximum unemployment benefits available, if any, based on “all the
covered employment
in the base period.” Minn.Stat. § 268.07, subd. 1(b) (emphasis added). To establish a benefit account, however, the applicant
Employment for a church that is operated primarily for religious purposes under IRC § 501(c)(3) and which has tax-exempt status under IRC § 501(a) is “noncovered employment.” Minn.Stat. § 268.035, subd. 20(7). It is undisputed that St. John’s Church met these criteria; thus, Irvine’s employment with the church is noncovered employment. Such a church, however, may elect to have employment performed for it considered covered employment, and the commissioner has the discretion to approve such election. Minn.Stat. § 268.042, subd. 3(a). The ULJ found no evidence showing that St. John’s Church had elected to do so. Further, while the church’s employment manual indicated incorrectly that unemployment benefits might be available to church employees separated from employment through no fault of their own, representations by an employer regarding eligibility for unemployment benefits are not binding on DEED.
Scheeler v. Sartell Water Controls, Inc.,
Next, Irvine notes that DEED must maintain a tax account for each taxpaying employer. Minn.Stat. § 268.045, subd. 1(1) (2008). She reasons that because St. John’s Church pays Medicare and social security taxes, it is a taxpaying employer that should have to pay unemployment taxes as well. Irvine also argues that when the employer must pay Medicare and social security taxes and the employee must pay income taxes on wages, a reasonable employee would assume that the employer would also have to pay unemployment taxes. The fact that the employer and employee pay other taxes is irrelevant to whether the employer must pay unemployment taxes; instead, the latter issue is decided under the provisions of unemployment-insurance law. See, e.g., Minn.Stat. § 268.051 (2008) (providing for payment of unemployment-insurance taxes for employers with employees in covered employment).
Irvine further argues that because Minn.Stat. § 268.068 (2008) requires employers to post and maintain printed notice of the right to unemployment benefits, St. John’s Church likewise should have been required to post notices or inform its employees that they did not have the right to unemployment benefits. But the statute contains no such requirement, and Irvine’s argument would be more appropriately addressed to the legislature, which solely has the power to amend the law.
II.
Irvine, citing the purpose of the statute and its remedial nature, argues that she should receive benefits because she was unemployed through no fault of her own. She cites the statutory provision that “[t]he public good is promoted by
DECISION
The decision of the ULJ that Irvine cannot establish an unemployment-benefit account because she worked in noncovered employment is affirmed.
Affirmed.
Notes
Retired judge of the district court, serving as judge of the Minnesota Court of Appeals by appointment pursuant to Minn. Const, art. VI, § 10.
. While Irvine also cites the provisions in Minn.Stat. § 268.031, subd. 2 (Supp.2009), which codify the remedial purpose of the statute and the narrow construction of provisions that would preclude an applicant from receiving benefits, that statutory provision is effective August 2, 2009, and applies to all department determinations and ULJ decisions issued on or after the effective date. 2009 Minn. Laws ch. 78, art. 4, § 1, at 597, § 52, at 623. The decisions here occurred before that date.