OPINION
Jose Antonio Santiago (“debtor”) is the debtor in the above-captioned chapter 11 case. Floyd Irons (“Irons”) filed an adversary proceeding against the debtor and several other parties not in bankruptcy. The bankruptcy court dismissed the complaint as untimely filed. From this order, the plaintiff appeals. For the reasons stated herein, we reverse the decision of the bankruptcy court.
FACTS
The debtor filed this chapter 11 case on October 5, 1990. The last day for filing complaints objecting to dischargeability under section 2 523(a)(2), (4), or (6) was January 7, 1991.
The uncontradicted evidence indicates Irons did not receive notice of the debtor’s bankruptcy until April, 1991, at the earliest. The date for filing a complaint objecting to *49 discharge under section 523(a)(2), (4), or (6) had therefore elapsed three months earlier. Irons was not listed as a creditor in the debtor’s schedules, nor have the debtor’s schedules ever been amended to list Irons as a creditor.
Irons filed a proof of claim against the debtor in December, 1991. On November 2, 1992, Irons filed an action against the debtor to determine dischargeability. The complaint alleged the debtor, together with several other people (collectively, “defendants”), engaged in fraud against Irons. As against the debtor, Irons sought a holding that the debt was nondischargeable under sections 523(a)(2) and 523(a)(4). Irons sought compensatory and punitive damages against all the defendants.
The debtor -filed a motion to dismiss the complaint on the ground Irons’ nondischarge-ability complaint was untimely filed. This motion was based on section 523(c)(1) and Rule 3 4007(c), which together provide that a creditor seeking a determination of nondis-chargeability must file its complaint within 60 days after the date scheduled for the first meeting of creditors.
After a hearing on March 18, 1993, the bankruptcy court dismissed the complaint. The “Order Dismissing Adversary Complaint” was entered May 12,1993. The order contained brief findings of fact and conclusions of law summarizing the time frame outlined above, and held that “Floyd Irons did not file his Adversary Complaint within the time prescribed” by Rule 4007(c).
The transcript of the March 18 hearing indicates the court held Irons’ complaint was untimely filed because he had actual knowledge of the bankruptcy for 19 months prior to the filing of the complaint. This delay, the court concluded, was too long, and violated a congressional intent that dischargeability complaints be dealt with in a timely manner.
Irons appeals the order dismissing his adversary proceeding.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
“We review the bankruptcy court’s conclusions of law
de novo
and its findings of fact under the clearly erroneous standard.”
Manufacturers Hanover v. Dewalt (In re Dewalt),
DISCUSSION
Irons alleges the debts are nondis-chargeable under section 523(a)(2) or (4). Section 523(c)(1) requires:
Except as provided in subsection (a)(3)(B) of this section, the debtor shall be discharged from a debt of a kind specified in paragraph (2), (4), or (6) of subsection (a) of this section, unless, on request of the creditor to whom such debt is owed, and after notice and a hearing, the court determines such debt to be excepted from discharge under paragraph (2), (4), or (6), as the case may be, of subsection (a) of this section.
11 U.S.C. § 523(c)(1). Rule 4007 provides in part:
A complaint to determine the discharge-ability of any debt pursuant to § 523(c) of the Code shall be filed not later than 60 days following the first date set for the meeting of creditors held pursuant to § 341(a). The court shall give all creditors not less than 30 days notice of the time so . fixed in the manner provided in Rule 2002.
F.R.B.P. 4007(c). Generally, therefore, a complaint to determine dischargeability must be filed within 60 days of the § 341(a) meeting, or the debt is discharged.
Section 523(c)(1) contains an exception to this general rule. Section 523(a)(3)(B) excepts from discharge any debt:
(3) neither listed nor scheduled under section 521(1) of this title, with the name, if known to the debtor, of the creditor to whom such debt is owed, in time to permit—
* # ^ ^ * *
(B) if such debt is of a kind specified in paragraph (2), (4), or (6) of this sub *50 section, timely filing of a proof of claim and timely request for a determination of dischargeability of such debt under one of such paragraphs, unless such creditor had notice or actual knowledge of the case in time for such timely filing and request; ....
11 U.S.C. § 523(a)(3)(B). Because section 523(a)(3)(B) is specifically exempted from the operation of section 523(e), it is governed by Rule 4007(b): “A complaint other than under § 528(c) may be filed at any time. A case may be reopened without payment of an additional filing fee for the purpose of filing a complaint to obtain a determination under this rule.” F.R.B.P. 4007(b).
Irons contends his action is nondischargeable under section 523(a)(3)(B), that his complaint could thus be filed at any time under Rule 4007(b), and that the bankruptcy court therefore erred in dismissing the complaint. Irons is correct. One commentator explains section 523(a)(3)(B) this way:
The point is that a debt of the kind specified in section 523(a)(2), (4), or (6), to be discharged, must be listed or scheduled not only in time to permit timely filing of a proof of claim, but also in time to permit the filing of a complaint to determine dis-chargeability of the particular debt. Thus, a debt of the kind under discussion may be excepted from discharge because not timely listed or scheduled, and may be excepted from discharge even though timely listed or scheduled if the creditor timely files a complaint to except the debt from the discharge and succeeds in proving that the debt falls within the exception of section 523(a)(2), (4) or (6).
3 Lawrence P. King, Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 523.13[5][b], at 523-94 (15th ed. 1994) (emphasis in original).
Two recent decisions of the Ninth Circuit supports this conclusion. In
Manufacturers Hanover v. Dewalt (In re Dewalt),
The Court of Appeals reversed the rulings of both lower courts, and held the complaint should not have been dismissed. The issue presented was whether the creditor had received timely actual notice of the bankruptcy, such that it did not fall within section 523(a)(3)(B).
The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals’s holding in
Dewalt
is that a creditor must generally receive at least 30 days notice of the deadline for nondischargeability actions, or the debt falls within section 523(a)(3)(B). In its opinion, the Ninth Circuit recognized that most creditors will have up to 80 days notice of the deadline.
A Court of Appeals case decided after entry of the order appealed from more directly considered the effect of section 523(a)(3)(B). In
Beezley v. California Land Title Co. (In re Beezley),
Judge O’Scannlain, in a concurring opinion, provided an in-depth discussion of the legal analysis involved in the case. He summarized the proper analysis under the Bankruptcy Code as follows:
Cal Land [the judgment creditor] has alleged ... that Beezley [the debtor] committed fraud in connection with the transaction that was the subject of its lawsuit against him, and that the debt evidenced by the default judgment it obtained against Beezley is therefore nondischargeable under section 523(a)(3)(B). Had Beezley listed this debt in his bankruptcy schedules, Cal Land would have been required under Bankruptcy Rule 4007(c) to litigate this nondischargeability question “within 60 days following the first date set for the meeting of creditors,” which had long since passed when this litigation commenced. However, because Beezley faded to schedule the debt, Bankruptcy Rule 4007(b) affords Cal Land the right to litigate dischargeability outside the normal time limits, again in accordance with section 523(a)(3)(B). See American Standard [Ins. Co. v. Bakehorn], 147 B.R. [480,] at 484 (N.D.Ind.1992) ] (“In effect, a debtor who fails to list a creditor loses the jurisdictional and time limit protections of Section 523(c) and Rule 4007(c).”). See also In re Lochrie,78 B.R. 257 , 259-60 (9th Cir. BAP 1987).
The cases agree that a debt within the requirements of section 523(a)(3)(B) is not subject to any time bar to file a complaint.
Glosser v. Parrish Real Estate (In re Grant),
Here, the debtor gave the creditor notice after the date barring complaints objecting to dischargeability. Under the teachings of Beezley, and American Standard Ins. Co. v. Bakehorn,147 B.R. 480 , 483-84 (N.D.Ind.1992), a creditor is not barred from filing a complaint to determine dis-chargeability under § 523(a)(2), (4), or (6), if the creditor was not scheduled in time to do so before the bar date, or did not have notice or actual knowledge in time to do so. The authorities teach that complaints to determine the dischargeability of such unscheduled debts are governed by Rule 4007(b), Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure, which provides that such complaints can be filed at any time. Indeed, Rule 4007(b) even provides for the reopening of a case without fee to file a complaint to seek such a determination. As stated by the court in American Standard Ins. Co. v. Bakehorn,147 B.R. 480 , 484 (N.D.Ind.1992), “[i]n effect, a debtor who fails to list a creditor loses the jurisdictional and time limit protections of Section 523(e) and Rule 4007(b) [sic].”
In
Krakowiak v. Lyman (In re Lyman),
*52 Rule 4007(b) does not provide for any time limit for filing an action to determine dis-chargeability. It expressly provides that a closed bankruptcy case may be reopened without payment of a filing fee in order to determine such an action. Two Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals decisions, while not directly addressing the issue, have suggested no such time limit exists. Other cases support the conclusion that no time limit exists for filing such an action under Rule 4007(b). Indeed, the parties have not cited, nor has the Panel found, any reported case that imposed a time limit for filing an action under Rule 4007(b). Irons’ complaint thus was not time barred by the Code or the Bankruptcy Rules.
The record indicates the debtor confirmed a chapter 11 plan that provides for a 100% payment to creditors and/or provides Irons’ debt will not be discharged. This may render Irons’ adversary proceeding moot but such issue is not present in this appeal.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, we REVERSE.
Notes
. Unless otherwise indicated, "section” refers to the respective section of Title 11, United States Code.
. Unless otherwise noted, all references to "Rule” are to the respective Rule of the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure.
. The Panel does not render any opinion on whether laches or estoppel may impose a time limit on cases filed under section 523(a)(3)(B) or Rule 4007(b).