86 W. Va. 685 | W. Va. | 1920
The general nature of this suit is disclosed hy the opinion filed on the disposition of a former appeal in it, which is found in 82 W. Va. 549, under the title., Williams et al. v. Croft Hat and Notion Co. et al. After the cause was remanded, "Williams died and Harry S. Irons, appointed administrator of his estate, and the other two plaintiffs, A. P. Hudson and H. O. Boette, have prosecuted the, suit to a final decree, which sustained the trust agreement attacked by the bill and affirmed the right of the trustees to hold, under and by virtue of that agreement, all of the known assets of the Croft Hat and Notion Company, consisting of 1000 shares of the common stock of the Croft-Stanard Company, 340 shares of its preferred stock, 111 shares of the Miller Supply Co., trustees certificates representing 242 shares of the, stock of the Oroft-Stanard Company, purchased by the trustees from S. M. Croft, a $1000.00 note oí S. M. Croft, purchased from Ed. L. Boggs and some cash and accounts and bills receivable. It dissolved the Croft Hat and Notion Company, on the ground of cessation to do business, and referred - the cause, to a commissioner for an inquiry and report as to the existence of any assets of the company other than those above indicated. Prom this fruitless decree the plaintiffs have appealed.
The, bill was predicated in part on an allegation that the trust agreement was not executed by Williams, wherefore, by its terms, it never became effective; but this allegation wholly failed. It was clearly proved that he had signed it.
One purpose of the suit is dissolution of the Croft Hat and Notion Company. To maintain such a suit, the plaintiffs must own one-fifth of the 'capital stock. The Williams estate owns 14 2-3 shares, Boette 15 shares and Hudson claims 183 shares by assignments from J. H. Long, S. M. Croft, the administra-trix of Annie E. Croft and Prank P. Swan. These shares admittedly represent more than one-fifth of the capital stock, but Hudson’s title is disparaged in argument and by some evidence disclosed in the record. As the answers do not deny his title, but, on the contrary, aver his purchase of the stock at the instance of O. L. Stamard and with his assistance, the allegation of his ownership of the 183 shares must be taken as true
Taint and contamination of the titles of Boette and Hudson, by reason of alleged maintenance and champerty, constitute another ground of attack upon their claims of right to maintain the suit. Stanard was formerly general manager of the Oroft-Stanard Company. Bor some, reason he was ousted from that position and he and his friends do not own enough of the stock of the company to enable them to elect a majority of-the directors and thus get the management in their hands. It is charged that the principal object of this suit is dissolution of the trust agreement under which 1000 shares, exactly one-half, are held, in consequence of which these shares would be distributed and some of them fall into the hands of Stanard’s friends. He and S. R. Pierson arranged for the purchase of the Croft Hat and Notion Co. stock claimed by'Hudson and executed the note by which the money was raised for payment of the purchase price,. Hudson is no party to the note and does not seem to have paid any of the purchase money nor to have obligated himself therefor. Stanard and Pierson, associates in business, seem merely to be using his name in this suit. Between Stanard and Boette there is a contract by the terms of which the former is conditionally bound to take over -the latter’s stock at a certain price,, in the event of the success of the suit, and to pay the costs and expenses incident thereto.
Hudson’s contracts may be invalid, as between him and the vendors of the stock, under the legal principle, known as maintenance, and Boette’s contract may be vitiated, as between him and Stanard, by champerty, a form of maintenance; but as the enforcement of these contracts is not the purpose of this suit, their infirmities cannot be invoked by way of defense. None of the defendants is a party to these contracts or either of them. “Strangers to a champertous contract cannot take advantage of it; only a party can do so.” Harrison v. Harman, 85 W. Va. 538, 102 S. E. 224. To the same effect see Davis v. Settle, 43 W. Va. 17. In some jurisdictions it is otherwise, but our rule seems to accord with the better reason and the weight of authority. 5 Am. & Eng. Ency. L. 834; Burnes v. Scott, 117 U. S. 591.
On July 8, 1913, the Croft Hat and Notion Company, a corporation having an authorized capital stock of $200,000.00, of which 977 shares of the par value of $100.00 had been subscribed .and paid for, was engaged in a' wholesale dry goods business at Huntington, ~W. Va. On that day S. M. Croft, president of the, company, entered into a written agreement with O. L. Stanard, providing for the organization of a new corporation to be known as the Croft-Stanard Company and to have a paid up common capital stock of $200,000, divided into 2,000 shares of the par value of $100.00 each. Croft was to have, for himself and whomsoever he should elect, 1000 shares and Stanard, for himself and friends, the other 1000 shares. Stan-ard was to convey to the new corporation a certain building at the price of $30,000.00. Croft was to deliver to it all of the assets of the Croft Hat and Notion Co., at prices to be determined by prescribed methods, and the, new corporation was to assume all of the liabilities of the old. This agreement was read and discussed in a 'meeting of the directors of the Croft Hat and Notion Co., held July 12, 1913, and a motion adopted, recommending “the proposition” to the stockholders, and providing that, in the event of its acceptance, “the entire stock holdings of the stockholders of the Croft Hat and Notion Company be ve,sted in a trustee who should issue trustee’s certificates to the individual stockholders in proportion” to their stock holdings. At a meeting of the stockholders, held July 26, .1913, “the proposition of re-organization” was presented and “accepted” and an attorney authorized to “prepare a trust agreement for JO years,” to be submitted to the stockholders for signature. The stockholders then selected S'. M. Croft, S. B. Robertson
The agreement, as prepared, was not to become effective, unless nor until signed or ratified by all of the stockholders, but it.was signed by all of them. By it, they agreed that 1000 shares of the capital stock of the Croft-Stanard Company should be issued to the trustees, to be held by them for their common benefit, and the trustees were, to issue to them what are termed “voting trust certificates,” entitling them to the beneficial interests of the arrangement, including proportionate shares of dividends to be declared on the shares so held.- One of its most important provisions is this: “Said trustees shall in the event that the assets of the Croft Hat & Notion Co. aggregate more than $100,000.00 received from the Croft-Stanard .Company the difference between $100,000.00 in stock and the value of said assets in cash and pro rate said cash payment between the, stockholders of the said Croft Hat & Notion Company in proportion to their respective holdings of stock in the last named company and in the event that the assets of the, said Croft Hat & Notion Company should not equal the sum of $100,000.00, the said trustees are authorized, directed and empowered to execute, their note to the Croft-Stanard Company for the difference between the amount of the assets and the Croft Hat & Notion Company and the said sum of $100,000.00 and to receive from it as a consideration therefor, stock in the said Croft-Stanard Company of an equal amount, said stock to be owned by the parties hereto in proportion to their respective holdings and the said note to be paid by the trustees out of the dividends accruing upon the stock of the Croft-Stanard Company and to be decided pro rata from the dividends of the signatories hereto.”
After the agreement had been signed, the 1000 shares of the Croft-Stanard Company were issued to the trustees, in consideration of which a note for the par value thereof, $100,000.00, payable to the Croft-Stanard Company, was executed by the Croft Hat and Notion Co., which the trustees did “accept.” The inventory of the goods and fixtures of the Croft Hat and Notion Co., made up agreeably to the methods prescribed, amounted to $89,058.18 and its liabilities aggregated $78,398.56. The difference between these amounts- $10,659.62, was credited on the
In the argument submitted for the appellants, plaintiffs below, the trust agreement is treated as a simple, dry, voting trust, placing the legal title to the shares in the hands of the trustees as mere representatives of the stockholders whose stock they hold. Such a trust may be void as contravening public policy manifested by the statutes governing corporations, but, if it is such a trust, its validity is argued by counsel for the appellees. As, in our opinion, it is not such a trust, there is no occasion to enter upon an inquiry as to the right of stockholders irrevocably to pool their stock in the hands of trustees for voting purposes. This agreement is to be read and interpreted and its character defined, in the light of the contract it was designed to carry into full execution, the situation of the parties, the circumstances surrounding them and their own interpretation of it. By it the trustees were created and commissioned to accomplish the purposes of the contract between Croft and Stanard, in which the corporation was substituted for Croft, by the action of himself and its stockholders, with the assent of Stanard and the Croft-Stanard Company. That contract contemplated application of all of the assets of the Croft Hat and Notion Co. to payment of the purchase money of the 1000 shares in the new corporation at their par value. Full consummation thereof would leave the old corporation and its stockholders nothing but the stock of
The provision of paragraph 12 of the trust agreement, inhibiting sale, transfer and assignment of the stock by the trustees, is not irreconcilably inconsistent with this interpretation. It must be read in subordination to the general purpose and the power conferred upon the trustees by paragraph 7. The stock had to be obtained before the trust could be consummated. The agreement was prospective. Sale, transfer and assignment of owned and unencumbered stock is inhibited, but. the stockholders did not then have this stock in that form nor in any other, but the trustees were authorized to procure it for them, unrestrictedly as to the method of acquirement, except in one or two particulars. Plainly they had power to assign it as security for its own purchase money. This provision may nevertheless have important operation, and it is only necessary to give it a reasonable function to perform. The trustees likely cannot sell the stock for the purpose of terminating the trust.
This conclusion fully dispenses with the second ground of attack upon the trust agreement, namely, that it is incapable of execution for lack of authority in the trustees to borrow money and pledge the stock as security. Obviously they did have such authority.
The contention that the agreement is void because the Croft-Stanard Company stock is the property of the Croft Hat and Notion Company and has not been disposed by corporate action, is not well founded. Action in meeting may be essential
Whether, on dissolution of the corporation, which has been decreed, all of the property in the hands of the trustees, other than the Croft-Stanard Company stock, the trust agreement being valid, depends upon the status of such other property. Some of it is not in terms covered by the trust agreement. All of it except the old accounts and bills receivable uncollected was purchased by the trustees, with money borrowed by them. The accounts and bills receivable were dedicated by the Croft and Stanard agreement to the purchase of the Croft-Stanard Company stock; but> owing to'their uncertain value, they could not be directly applied. More than $44,000.00 of that purchase money remains unpaid, but is not due to the original creditor. .The trust agreement authorized the use of the assets of the old corporation in the purchase of the stock and its main purpose was effectuation of the aim and design of the Croft and Stanard preliminary contract. Hence the right of the trustees to have the accounts and bills receivable applied on their debt is clear, from what has been said concerning the character and scope of the trust. 1 The Miller Supply Company , stock first came into the hands of the Croft Hat and Notion Co. as collateral'security for S. M. Croft’s note for $13,120.00, which was discounted to the Huntington Banking and Trust Company. At the time of the sale thereof for default in payment of the note and its purchase by the bank, it was worth considerably more than the debt, and the difference between its value and the debt was regarded as an asset of the Croft Hat and Motion Co. If it had made the sale and purchase thereof, it would have had that advantage. Hence, it was, in a sense an
But they are not the property of the corporation at all nor in any sense. It never paid a dollar for them, nor pledged any securities or other property for them. After the execution of the trust agreement, authorized by its stockholders, by resolution adopted in meeting, and vested authority in the trustees to use all of its assets in the purchase of Croft-Stanard Company stock, to be held by the trustees for the stockholders, it had no free assets nor property of any kind. The trust agreement and the peliminary and attendant transactions left the corporation nothing but its name, charter, franchise and organization. For' all practical purposes, it was dissolved and went out of business. All it had was directly and indirectly distributed to its stockholders, then and there. It was kept alive only as a basis for distribution of the new stock and for the use of its name in proceedings and transactions necessary to final and complete consummation of the scheme adopted for winding it up and distribution of its assets on the basis fixed by the trust agreement. The plan or scheme adopted by the stockholders provided for payment of all of its debts. They were assumed and paid by the Croft-Stanard Company, pursuant to the terms of the preliminary contract and the resolution adopted by the stockholders, after the execution of the trust agreement. The trustees were authorized to apply all of its assets to payment of purchase money of the Croft-Stanard Co. stock, and that stock was, by
The task thus imposed upon the trustees has not been fully performed nor has the time allowed them for performance, by the terms of the trust agreement, expired. The trust can be terminated prior to the expiration of the period of ten years by a majority vote of its beneficiaries, but their willingness to terminate it has not been so expressed, nor at all. All of the property in controversy either belongs to the assets of the corporation which the trustees have the right to apply on the indebtedness, or has been purchased by the trustees and is held either under the trust or in their individual capacities, under the trust, if the
The decree of dissolution of the Croft Hat and Notion Company is merely declaratory of what had already been effected by voluntary action of the stockholders, wherefore the cross-assignment of error is not well taken.
The decree will be affirmed.
Affirmed.