Irondale Bank v. Terrill

135 Mo. App. 472 | Mo. Ct. App. | 1909

REYNOLDS, P. J.

(after stating the facts). — -The right to attack the levy and sale at the return term of the writ of execution was settled by this court in the case of Finke v. Graig, 57 Mo. App. 393, on the authority of American Wine Co. v. Scholer, 13 Mo. App. 345, and of Ray v. Stobbs, 28 Mo. 35, the ground being that every court is vested with inherent power to prevent the misuse or abuse of its process. It is further said in the Finke case, supra, that this jurisdiction has been exercised upon motion made on the first day of the term after the sale, although a prior deed has been executed in consummation of such sale. Whether any deeds have been executed and delivered in this case does not appear, but it does appear that the motion was made on the first day of the return term of the execution.

The proposition as to the judgment being void for the reason stated in the motion is untenable. Defendant was in court; whether he was served with a copy of the amended petition or not, or whether there were other irregularities connected with the rendition of the judgment, it was a final judgment, which would sustain an execution.

It is. also evident that the appellant had no right of homestead in the property in St. Francois county. He lived and had his home in Washington and not in St. Francois county. One cannot have a homestead in two counties at once, nor can he claim a homestead in property upon which neither he nor his family at the time resides. [St. Louis Brewing Association v. Howard, 150 Mo. 445.]

There was no testimony in the case as to the value of the lots levied upon and sold from which we can infer that they were sacrificed at a grossly inadequate price, therefore, the proposition of the appellant on this point is untenable. The claim of respondent, that the price brought at the sale is the measure of value, is not, however, correct under the facts in this case.

The substantial point for determination in this cause arises over the failure of the sheriff of St. Francois county, before levying upon the lots in his county, under the execution in his hands from the circuit court of Washington county, to apprise appellant, one of the defendants in the execution and the only defendant whose property was levied upon, “of the property exempt under sections 3158, 3159 and 3162, and his right to hold the same as exempt from attachment and execution,” and whether his failure to do so deprived appellant, being the head of a family, of the right, “at his election, in lieu of the property mentioned in the first and second subdivisions of section 3159,” to “select and hold, exempt from execution, any other property, real, personal or mixed, or debts and wages, not exceeding in value the amount of $300.” This section 3162, was amended (Session Acts, 1903, p. 195) by the addition of the words, “except ten per cent of any debt, income, salary or wages due such head of a family.”

After a very careful consideration and examination of the cases in Avhich these sections (3162 and 3163) have been before our courts, we can come to no other conclusion than that it was the duty of the sheriff of St. Francois county to have apprised appellant of his rights under the law. Under these sections there is no discretion left in the officer into whose hands an execution comes. Whether that execution issued out of the court of his own county or from the court of another county of this State, section 3163 is explicit as to the duty of the officer. Section 3162 is equally clear in giving the right of selection to the defendant in any execution issued against him. We have found no case in which these sections have been held to be directory merely. When in disregard of them and of the law relating to homesteads, the homestead is sold, our courts have invariably held the sale void. See St. Louis Brewing Association v. Howard, supra, where at page 450, Judge Marshall has collated the cases bearing upon this proposition. See, further, Tapley v. Ogle, 162 Mo. 190. When the property outside of the homestead has been sold and the process of the court executed so that it is beyond the control of the court, and the property has gone into the hands of an innocent holder for value, while the law will mulct the officer and his sureties on his bond for the failure of the officer to perform his duty the courts have held that they will not, for the failure of the officer, disturb the title of the purchaser. A reference to these cases on this point is also instructive, as showing how strictly our courts have always held the officer to the discharge of the duty imposed upon him by section 3163. In illustration of this proposition, we cite and quote a few of the cases, mainly actions on the sheriff’s or constable’s bond for failure to have apprised the defendant in the execution of his rights.

In State to use Reagan v. Romer et al., 44 Mo. 99, an action on a constable’s bond, the court held him liable because he had not notified defendant of his rights; the officer even refused to allow the debtor to avail himself of his exemptions after claiming them, and the court pronounced his act “wrongful, oppressive and contrary to the mandates of the statute.”

In State to use Conklin v. Barada et al., 57 Mo. 562, also a suit on a constable’s bond, the court held (l. c. 567) that it is the duty of the officer to apprise the defendant of his rights — “the whole subject-matter of the debtor’s protection seems committed to that officer, and none other is designated for any step in the process.”

See also State ex rel. Tilden v. Beamer, 73 Mo. 37, a suit on a sheriff’s bond.

In Paddock v. Lance, 94 Mo. 284, a suit in equity to set aside deeds, it is held to be the plain statutory duty of the officer to notify the defendant in the execution of his right of exemptions and selection under the sections of the statute referred to. See also Finley v. Barker, 110 Mo. 408; Chance v. Norris, 143 Mo. 235, and Hudson v. Wright, 204 Mo. 412. In this latter case, which did not involve a homestead, Judge Lamm says, at page 426, that the question under consideration is, “whether a failure on the part of the officer holding the execution to apprise Hudson of tbe chattels exempt under sections 3159 and 3162, swpra, and apprise him of his right to hold the same or an equivalent value as exempt from execution sale, of itself renders the sale and deed void?” The learned judge then says that “it cannot be held that the punishment meted out on noncompliance with section 3162, supra, goes so far as to make void an execution levy and sale of real estate.”

In not one of the cases referred to is there the slightest suggestion that section 3163 is merely directory or that it lodges any discretion in the hands of the officer having the execution.

Much reliance is placed by counsel for respondent on a statement of the judge who delivered the opinion of the court in the case of St. Louis Brewing Association v. Howard, supra, where, at page 450, after referring to the fact that it is the duty of a sheriff, under what is now section 3163, Revised Statutes 1899, before he levies an execution, to apprise the defendant of the property exempt, and that if he levies upon a homestead without notifying the defendant, the sale will be void and will pass no title, the learned judge adds: “Still this will not help the defendant in this case, because, first, there was no property of the character specified in section 4902, 4903 and 4906,” (now section 3158, 3159 and 3162, R. S. 1899) “levied on under this execution, and there was therefore nothing of that character of property for defendant to claim as exempt, or to elect which should be sold first, as provided by section 4926; and, second, because the defendant clearly had no homestead right in this property.” An examination of this case will show that the real contention before the Supreme Court and in the lower court was over the claim which the defendant in the execution set up to what might be called a double homestead. In point of fact, an examination of the brief of counsel shows that this was the real contention and claim on the part of the defendant in the execution in that case and was directed solely to this homestead claim and that neither his counsel nor the court paid any jmrticular attention to any question outside of that. Furthermore, it appears by the brief of counsel (page 447) that the defendant in the execution had been notified by the sheriff of the county in which he had his home, of the issuance of the execution to the sheriff of another county, “cmd of his exemption rights A Certainly the learned judge who delivered that opinion, and his associates who concurred with him in it, did not intend, by the language above quoted, to, in effect, annul the provisions of sections 3162 and 3163, as would be the result, if these remarks are to be understood in the sense claimed by respondent. At all events the facts in that case do not fit this case, for here it is in evidence that the appellant had from ten to twelve hundred dollars in value of property in Washington county, as well as these very lots, to which property section 3162 could apply, and, as said by Judge Sherwood, in State ex rel. Tilden v. Beamer, supra, (l. c. 38), “It was altogether immaterial whether relator was the OAvner of the property mentioned in the first and second subdivisions of section 9 (now 3159) or not. If he OAvned that property he had the right to exercise the election given him by section 11 (now 3162). If he did not OAvn such property, still his right under the last mentioned section remained.” We are not prepared to hold that an obviously casual remark of the learned judge in the case of St. Louis Brewing Association v. Howard, supra, overruled the case last referred to in 73 Mo., as well as the principle so clearly laid down in all of the cases in which the matter has come before our courts and also practically nullified section 3162, until compelled to do so by authority to which we are bound to yield.

In the case at ban we have a direct attack on the levy; that attack made at the beginning of the return term of the execution, by appropriate motion, the same mode of proceeding as presented and pursued in Finke v. Craig, 57 Mo. App. 393. As before noted, tbis court, in that case, held tbis to be tbe proper mode of attack on a levy. That was tbe first question considered in tbe Finke case. Tbe second question considered and adjudicated in it is, as to wbetber tbe defendant was entitled, under section 3163, to notice of bis right of election, and, in unmistakable language, tbe learned judge wbo delivered the opinion of tbis court held that tbe action of tbe trial court in sustaining tbe motion to quash the levy and set aside tbe sale was proper, tbe judge saying, “nor have we any doubt that it was tbe duty of tbe sheriff to apprise respondent of bis exemption rights, notwithstanding tbe fact that respondent was a resident of a different county from that wherein tbe judgment was rendered and tbe land was situated.” It is true that tbe judge added to tbis tbe remark, that tbe evidence disclosed that tbe defendant in tbe execution lived in an adjoining county, and was well known to 'the sheriff and could have been notified of his exemption rights by reasonable diligence. On tbis language, it is argued by tbe learned and industrious counsel for tbe respondent here, that inasmuch as tbe appellant testified that be did not know tbe sheriff of St. Francois county, it therefore follows that tbe sheriff of St. Francois county did not know him. Tbis is a non sequitur. Furthermore, tbe language of Judge Bond is very far from bolding that an officer is justified in, or excused from informing himself as to where tbe defendant in tbe execution resides and where be could be served with notice. It appears in evidence in tbis case that tbe appellant resided at Irondale, in Washington county, which is on tbe very edge of St. Francois county, and it appears by tbe notice given in evidence by respondent, that tbe respondent bad no trouble whatever in having tbe notice of tbe issue of tbe execution, which it made out, served on tbe defendant by tbe constable of tbe township. The slightest inquiry on the part of the sheriff of St. Francois county would have undoubtedly located the defendant. Over and above this, however, ■the statute (section 3163) is imperative and makes no exception of any kind but in plain and unmistakable •language says: “It shall be the duty of the officer in whose hands an execution may come, before he shall leAry the same, to apprise the person against whom such execution has issued of the property exempt . . . and his right to hold the same as exempt from attachment and execution.”

So solicitous have our law-makers been in protecting the debtor and his family, that by section 3186, the defendant in an execution is given the right to elect what property shall be first sold.

In Garrett v. Wagner, 125 Mo. 450, l. c. 462, it is held that a claim of exemption must be made to avert a threatened seizure or levy, or to defeat a levy already made.

How is the defendant to either designate the property to be sold or to claim his exemptions, if not apprised of his rights by the officer holding the execution?

If it is claimed that the notice given by respondent, of the issue of the execution to St. Francois county, cured the omission of the sheriff, the answer is, that our statutes require both the notice from the execution creditor and the apprisal by the sheriff. One is not a substitute for the other; both must be given. To avoid any misconception on this latter observation, we remark that we do not mean to hold in this case or on this matter, that the sheriff must apprise the debtor in the execution of his right by a written notice — but he must, in some clear and explicit mode and manner, apprise him of bis right.

In Payne v. Fraley, 165 Mo. 191, it is said by the court (l. c. 196), that while “a liberal interpretation is always to be indulged in construing statutes of exemptions, for the benefit of families, and that what is within the plain meaning and implication of such statutes, is as much a part of them as its strict letter, yet these rules of interpretation are also wholly ineffectual to strike out the letter of an act, or to work their destruction, when they are, as in the act in question, plain and unambiguous.” These words are very apposite to this case.

These sections of our statutes relating to executions and exemptions are all carefully drawn and are enacted for the benefit of the unfortunate debtor and his family. They will not be construed away by the courts and they should not be rendered abortive and useless by the urgency of creditors or the carelessness of officials, on the latter of whom they impose an important duty, the faithful performance of which is within, not alone the terms of their bond, but their solemn oath of office.

The action of the lower court in overruling, the motion was error and the cause is reversed and remanded for further proceedings in the circuit court, in accordance with this opinion.

All concur.