222 Conn. 254 | Conn. | 1992
The dispositive issue in this appeal is whether, pursuant to General Statutes § 52-470 (b),
The underlying facts are established by the habeas court’s memorandum of decision. After a jury trial, the plaintiff in error, Michael Iovieno (plaintiff), was found guilty of three counts of the crime of burglary in the second degree, one count of the crime of unlawful restraint in the first degree, and one count of the crime of sexual assault in the first degree. He was sentenced to a total effective sentence of twenty-five years. The plaintiff appealed this decision to the Appellate Court, which found error in part and remanded the case to the trial court with direction to render a judgment of acquittal on one of the burglary counts. State v. Iovieno, 14 Conn. App. 710, 543 A.2d 766, cert. denied, 209 Conn. 805, 548 A.2d 440 (1988). This judgment was rendered on October 13, 1988.
The plaintiff then filed an amended petition for a writ of habeas corpus, alleging that his incarceration was illegal because evidence had been illegally seized and because he had been denied effective assistance of counsel. The habeas court found that the plaintiff had not deliberately bypassed the avenue of direct appeal concerning his claims of illegal search and seizure. It declined, however, to consider the search and seizure claims, relying on the rule stated in Stone v. Powell,
The habeas court’s memorandum of decision dismissing the petition was. dated February 15,1991, and was filed on February 22, 1991. Counsel for the plaintiff stated that he had received notice of the decision on February 26,1991. On March 8,1991, the plaintiff filed a petition with the habeas court for certification to appeal this decision. The respondent (defendant) filed an objection to the petition. Following a hearing on the issue of timeliness, the court denied permission to appeal concluding that the appeal petition had not been timely filed within ten days of the underlying decision as required by General Statutes § 52-470 (b). No request for extension of the time within which to file the petition had been made. The plaintiff has brought the present writ of error challenging the denial of certification to appeal.
Section 52-470 (a) provides, in pertinent part, that “[t]he court or judge hearing any habeas corpus shall proceed ... to determine the facts and issues of the case . . . and shall thereupon dispose of the case as law and justice require.” (Emphasis added.) Section 52-470 (b) provides, in pertinent part, that u[n]o appeal
‘‘[I]f the‘statutory language . . . is clear and unambiguous . . . courts cannot, by construction, read into such statutes provisions which are not clearly stated.’ Frazier v. Manson, 176 Conn. 638, 642, 410 A.2d 475 (1979).” Chairman v. Freedom of Information Commission, 217 Conn. 193, 200, 585 A.2d 96 (1991). Furthermore, “[w]hen construing a statute, we do not interpret some clauses in a manner that nullifies others, but rather ‘ “read the statute as a whole and so as to reconcile all parts as far as possible.” ’ Martone v. Lensink, 207 Conn. 296, 302, 541 A.2d 488 (1988); Grodis v. Burns, 190 Conn. 39, 44, 459 A.2d 994 (1983).” Statewide Grievance Committee v. Rozbicki, 211 Conn. 232, 241, 558 A.2d 986 (1989). With these principles in mind, we again note that under § 52-470 (a), the habeas court is provided with considerable discretion to “dispose of the case as law and justice require.” The fact that the legislature specifically declined to include this discretionary language in § 52-470 (b) is strong evidence that the habeas court has no discretion in dealing with appeals under § 52-470 (b). See Chairman v. Freedom of Information Commission, supra (applying the maxim, “expressio unius est exclusio alterius”). “ ‘A statute which provides that a thing shall be done in a certain way carries with it an implied prohibition against doing that thing in any other way.’ State ex rel. Barlow v. Kaminsky, 144 Conn. 612, 620, 136 A.2d 792 (1957) . . . Chairman v. Freedom of Information Commission, supra, 200. We conclude, from the plain language of § 52-470, that the habeas court was correct in concluding that it had no discretion to consider an untimely petition for certification to appeal.
Furthermore, even if it is assumed that § 52-470 is ambiguous, and therefore needs to be construed, this
During discussion on the Senate floor concerning the amendment, Senator Elmer S. Watson read into the record a letter from former Chief Justice William M. Maltbie expressing concern over the delay in the executions for first degree murder. The letter stated, inter alia: “There are . . . two means which have been used to delay the execution of the death sentence and which . . . may properly be subjected to more regulation than now exists. One of these is the petition for a new trial for ... newly discovered evidence, with an
To remedy the problem, Chief Justice Maltbie suggested an amendment to the effect that no such appeal “shall be taken unless the judge before whom the case was tried or a justice of the supreme court of errors shall, within one week after the case was decided, certify that a question was involved in the decision which ought to be reviewed by the supreme court of errors.” Id., pp. 2939-40. The amendment was adopted, modified only to the extent of allowing ten days rather than one week for certification.
Section 52-470 was thereafter amended again. Public Acts 1967, No. 182 amended the section to require the appellant to petition for certification within ten days after the case is decided rather than requiring the judge to certify within that period. The statute was again amended in 1982; see Public Acts 1982, No. 82-160, § 171; changing the word “shall” to “may” in § 52-470 (b), so that the statute now provides that “[n]o appeal . . . may be taken unless the appellant, within ten days . . . petitions the judge . . . .’’(Emphasis
“ ‘ “In construing a statute, common sense must be used, and courts will assume that the legislature intended to accomplish a reasonable and rational result.” ’ King v. Board of Education, 203 Conn. 324, 332-33, 524 A.2d 1131 (1987); Gentry v. Norwalk, 196 Conn. 596, 606, 494 A.2d 1206 (1985).” Ford Motor Credit Co. v. B. W. Beardsley, Inc., 208 Conn. 13, 20, 542 A.2d 1159 (1988). We conclude that the 1982 amendment was not intended to change § 52-470 (b) from mandatory to discretionary. Rather, it involved a technical rewording and clarification of the statute.
Neither the plain language of § 52-470, nor its legislative history, supports the plaintiff’s claim that the court has discretion to consider an untimely petition for certification to appeal. We therefore conclude that the court was correct in denying the petition for certification to appeal. Furthermore, as previously noted, the plaintiff never filed a motion for extension of time within which to petition for certification to appeal.
The judgment is affirmed.
In this opinion the other justices concurred.
General Statutes § 52-470 (b) provides: “No appeal from the judgment rendered in a habeas corpus proceeding brought in order to obtain his release by or in behalf of one who has been convicted of crime may be taken unless the appellant, within ten days after the case is decided, petitions the judge before whom the case was tried or a judge of the supreme court or appellate court to certify that a question is involved in the decision which ought to be reviewed by the court having jurisdiction and the judge so certifies.”
In Stone v. Powell, 428 U.S. 465, 494, 96 S. Ct. 3037, 49 L. Ed. 2d 1067 (1976), the United States Supreme Court held that “where the State has provided an opportunity for full and fair litigation of a Fourth Amendment claim, a state prisoner may not be granted federal habeas corpus relief on the ground that evidence obtained in an unconstitutional search or seizure was introduced at his trial.” The habeas court found that this rule applied to search and seizure claims raised pursuant to the Connecticut constitution.
Further support for this conclusion may be found in the title of the amendment, “An Act Adopting a Technical Revision of Title 52.” Public Acts 1982, No. 82-160.
In Giordano Construction Co. v. Ross, 182 Conn. 577, 579, 438 A.2d 772 (1980), we stated that “an implied power exists in the trial court to grant an extension of time within which to take an appeal even though no
In view of this holding, it is unnecessary to consider the plaintiffs additional claim that, pursuant to Practice Book §§ 6 and 4187, under which the rules of court are to be interpreted liberally, the habeas court had discretion to consider an untimely filed petition for certification to appeal. For the same reason, we need not consider the plaintiff’s claim that we use our supervisory authority under Practice Book § 4183 to reinstate the plaintiffs right to appeal. “ ‘[T]he conditions required by statute as precedent to taking and perfecting an appeal cannot ... be modified or extended by any judge or court without express statutory authority.’ ” Etchells v. Wainwright, 76 Conn. 534, 538, 57 A. 121 (1904). We note, however, that our decision is in accord with Practice Book § 2028, which provides that a petition for certification to appeal to the Appellate Court “shall be made within ten days after the case is decided . . . .”