150 Mich. 131 | Mich. | 1907
Plaintiff, a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Pennsylvania, brings this suit to enforce defendant’s guaranty upon an alleged written contract entered into between plaintiff and defendant’s son, a boy 15 years of age. By the terms of this written contract, plaintiff agreed to furnish said son “a course of correspondence instruction for $48.80.” Defendant guaranteed said payment. The suit was instituted in a justice’s court against both defendant and his son. A judgment was there rendered in defendant’s favor. Plaintiff appealed the case to the circuit court, discontinued against the son, and obtained judgment, upon a verdict directed by the court, against the father, the remaining defendant.
We are asked to reverse that judgment for several reasons. In my view of the case, we need to consider but one of those reasons, viz., that the contract cannot be enforced, because defendant’s undertaking was entered into upon Sunday, and is therefore illegal. The undisputed testimony proves that defendant’s son signed said contract, and defendant himself attached his guaranty thereto and delivered the same to plaintiff’s agent upon Sunday. That this was the performance of an act prohibited by our law, and was therefore illegal, is clear and is settled by many decisions of this court. Adams v. Hamell, 2 Doug. (Mich.) 73; Tucker v. Mowrey, 12 Mich. 378; Winfield v. Dodge, 45 Mich. 355; Brazee v. Bryant, 50 Mich. 136; Saginaw, etc., R. Co. v. Chappell, 56 Mich. 190; Costello v. Ten Eyck, 86 Mich. 348; Arbuckle v. Reaume, 96 Mich. 243; Aspellv. Hosbein, 98 Mich. 117; Havey v. Petrie, 100 Mich. 190; Wheeler v. Jenison, 120 Mich. 422; Pillen v. Erickson, 125 Mich. 68; Acme Electrical Illustrating & Advertising Co. v. Van Derbeck, 127 Mich. 341.
The principle relied upon by plaintiff, viz., that the legality of contracts is to be determined by the law of the place where they are entered into, has its limitations. It cannot make valid an act which is illegal by the laws of the State where it took place. It is subordinate to the principle that each State may, within constitutional limits —which are certainly not exceeded by passing laws against Sunday work — determine the legality of undertakings within its own borders. Plaintiff insists that defendant is estopped from asserting that its undertaking was entered into on Sunday, because it bore date as of the preceding Saturday. It is sufficient to say that this did not mislead the plaintiff, for the precise facts were known to its agent, and his knowledge was its knowledge.
Defendant’s undertaking was, therefore, illegal, and a verdict should have been directed in his favor.
The judgment should be reversed, and no new trial ordered.