273 F. 153 | 2d Cir. | 1921
This is an appeal from a decree of the District- Court of the United States for the Western District of New York, dismissing the plaintiff’s bill for lack of equity. The international Railway Company owns and operates two public toll bridges across
“The Secretary of the Treasury shall fix a reasonable rate of extra compensation for overtime services of inspectors, storekeepers, weighers, and other customs officers and employees who may be required to remain on duty between the hours of five o’clock post meridian and eight o’clock ante meridian, or on Sundays or holidays, to perform services in connection with the lading or unlading of cargo, or- the lading of cargo or merchandise for transportation in bond or for exportation in bond or for exportation with benefit of drawback, or in connection with the receiving or delivery of cargo on or from the wharf, or in connection with the unlading, receiving, or examination of passengers’ baggage, such rates to be fixed on the basis of one-half day’s additional pay for each two hours or fraction thereof of at least one hour that the overtime extends beyond five o’clock post meridian (but not to exceed two and one-half days’ pay for the full period from five o’clock post meridian to eight o’clock ante meridian), and two additional days’ pay for Sunday or holiday duty. The said extra compensation shall be paid by the master, owner, agent, or consignee of such vessel or other conveyance whenever such special license or permit for immediate lading or unlading or for lading or unlading at night or on Sundays or holidays shall be granted to the collector of customs, who shall pay the same to the several customs officers and employees entitled thereto according to the rates fixed therefor by the Secretary of the Treasury: Provided, that such extra compensation shall be paid if such officers or employees have been ordered to report for duty and have so reported, whether the actual lading, unlading, receiving, delivery, or examination takes place or not. Customs officers acting as boarding officers and any customs officer who may be designated for. that purpose by the Collector of Customs are hereby authorized to administer the oath or affirmation herein provided for, and such boarding officers shall be allowed extra compensation for services in boarding vessels at night or on Sundays or holidays at the rates prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury as herein provided, the said extra compensation to be paid by the master, owner, agent, or consignee of such vessel: Provided, further, that in those ports ' where customary working hours are other than those hereinabove mentioned, the collector of customs is vested with authority to regulate the hours of customs employees so as to agree with prevailing working hours in said ports, but nothing contained in this proviso shall be construed in any manner to affect or alter the length of a working day for customs employees or the overtime pay herein fixed.”
“The head of each department is authorized to prescribe regulations, not inconsistent with law, for the government of his department, the conduct of its officers and clerks, the distribution and performance of its business, and the custody, use, and preservation of the records, papers, and property appertaining to it.”
Regulations under this section have the force of law and need not be promulgated in any set form or in writing. Haas v. Henkel, 216 U. S. 462, 480, 30 Sup. Ct. 249, 54 L. Ed. 569. 17 Ann. Cas. 1112; Boske v. Comingore, 177 U. S. 459, 467, 20 Sup. Ct. 701, 44 L. Ed. 846. After the passage of this act the defendant Davidson, Collector of Customs for the Ninth Customs District, by direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, notified the plaintiff:
*155 “That unless the complainant would pay two days’ pay for each Sunday or holiday for each customs officer performing service in connection with the said company, importation of all merchandise on Sundays and holidays would he stopped, and sent the following instructions to the deputy collector at Niagara Fails:
“I. Trolleys may come in after full examination.
“2. Trolley passengers may come in after surrendering all baggage and effects, to be examined after 8:00 a. m. on the day succeeding each Sunday or holiday.
“3. Foot passengers may come in after surrendering all baggage and effects, to be examined after 8:00 a. .m. on the day succeeding each Sunday or holiday.
“4. All vehicular passengers except trolley passengers may come in after surrendering all baggage and effects, to be examined after 8:00 a. m. ou the day succeeding such Sunday or holiday. All such vehicles will not be allowed to enter the United States until after their examination on the day succeeding each Sunday or holiday.
“5. All outgoing traffic may proceed as usual.
“6. There must be no examination of incoming passengers’ baggage, freight or merchandise, no matter how small, including autos, teams and other vehicles except trolleys.
“7. Any baggage left for examination by customs officers will be held at owner’s risk.
“8. You will use all reasonable means to advise all persons leaving the United Slates by way of bridges that there will be no examination of passengers’ baggage and vehicles other than trolley cars until the day succeeding each Sunday or holiday.
“9. You will understand that yon are not to interfere with passenger traffic but must postpone all examinations until the day succeeding each Sunday or holiday.
“10. These instructions are not confidential and may be shown to any interested party, and that such instructions were issued under orders of the United States Treasury Department, and as collector of customs.”
Thereupon the International Railway Company filed this bill, praying that the defendant be restrained from enforcing the regulations. Judge Hazel entered a decree dismissing the bill for want of equity.
It would, of course, be impossible to maintain custom inspectors day and night, Sundays, and holidays at every road crossing the northern frontier or at contiguous points along the shore of every lake. It is reasonable to maintain such inspection only where, in the discretion of the Secretary of the Treasury, the extent and character of the travel justify doing so. This may be wisely and effectively done at the American end of bridges like those involved in this case. But there is no obligation upon the part of the government to maintain such inspection at night or on Sundays and holidays. Regulations as to the
The decree is affirmed.