132 Tenn. 472 | Tenn. | 1915
delivered the opinion of the Court.
This suit was instituted before a justice of the peace of McMinn county by the Ingle System Company, averred in the warrant to he a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Ohio, against defendants, Norris & Hall, to recover on an installment note executed by Norris & Hall to the Ingle System Company. Judgment was rendered by the justice in favor of the plaintiff for the amount due on the note.
Defendants appealed to the circuit court of McMinn county, where a written plea was filed by them, averring that:
“The plaintiff is not now and never has been a corporation under the laws of Ohio, as in .plaintiff’s warrant alleged.”
Plaintiff’s attorney moved to strike this plea from the files for several reasons, which were overruled by the court, and issue was taken on the plea.
At the conclusion of the proof introduced by the plaintiff, the defendants moved the court to direct the jury to return a verdict in their favor, which motion was sustained by the court. After motion for a new trial the plaintiff appealed in error to the court of civil appeals, where the judgment of the circuit court was reversed, and judgment entered for the amount due on the note and all costs in the case.
While as against the State a corporation cannot be created by the mere agreement or other act or admission of private persons, yet as between private litigants they may, by their agreements, admissions, or conduct, place themselves where they would not be permitted to deny the fact of the existence of the corporation. When a private person enters into a contract with a body purporting to be a corporation, in which that body is described by the corporate name which it has assumed, such private person thereby admits the existence of the corporation for the purposes of the suit brought to enforce the obligations, and will not be permitted to deny the corporate existence of the plaintiff. 10 Cyc., 244, 245; M'orawetz on Private Corporations, see. 774. Many cases are cited on this proposition by the above authorities.
While the above proposition does not seem to be disputed by any authority, there is a division of opinion as to whether the existence of a private cor
But the more general statement of the rule, and that which is sustained by the weight of authority, is that one who executes a written obligation to an obligee by a name which is not descriptive of a firm of individuals, but one which imports that it is a corporation, is by that fact estopped in an action thereon to deny the corporate existence of the payee, or perhaps, more properly speaking, the form of name which would be assumed to be a corporation is said to imply that it is a corporation, and the mere introduction of the obligation as evidence will make out a prima facie case that the contract is with a corporation. U. S. Express Company v. Bedbury, 34 Ill., 459; Studebaker Bros. Mfg. Co. v. Montgomery, 74 Mo., 101; Barbaro v. Occidental Grove, No. 16, 4 Mo. App., 429; Harris v. Muskingum Mfg. Co., 4 Blackf. (Ind.), 267, 29 Am. Dec., 372; Bennington Iron Co. v. Rutherford, 18 N. J. Law, 107, 35 Am. Dec., 528; Weller v. Davis & Sanford Co., 15 Ga. App., 79, 82 S. E., 593. In these cases such names as the following were held to imply a corporation:
*476 “Missouri City Savings Bank;” “Muskegon Manufacturing Company;” “Davis & Sanford Company;” “Bennington Iron Company.”
The name “Ingle System Company” does not indicate that it is a firm of individuals. While it is not a conclusive fact, yet it may be fairly assumed as a presumption from the name of the company that it is a corporation, especially at this time, when corporations form so large a part of the concerns engaged in business, and especially among those doing an interstate, business, as it appears this concern is doing.
The result reached by the court of civil appeals was therefore correct, and the judgment is affirmed.