129 So. 466 | Ala. | 1930
Lead Opinion
This is an action on a policy of life insurance issued by the defendant to William H. Curbow, on his application, naming his wife, the plaintiff, as the sole beneficiary.
The substance of the defendant's plea 3 is that the insured "made and signed a written application to the defendant for the issuance of the policy sued on," and that in said application he warranted he was in perfect health; that in fact he was not in perfect health, but was suffering from either high-blood pressure or heart or kidney disease; that the insured knew he was not in perfect health, but was suffering from one or more of these diseases at the time the application was made, and knew the warranty was false; that it was made by the insured with intent to deceive the defendant, and with the purpose of inducing the defendant to issue the policy of insurance sued on; that said warranty did deceive the defendant, and that the defendant relied on the warranty in the issuance of the policy; and that said warranty was material to the risk.
Pleas 4 and 9 were of like import, alleging a warranty made in the application for the issuance of the policy and a breach thereof.
Plea 10 was to the effect that the policy contract stipulated that "no obligation is assumed by the Company unless on the date of delivery hereof, the insured is alive and in sound health"; and averred that the insured was not in sound health on the date of the issuance and delivery of the policy, but was suffering from either high-blood pressure, heart disease, or kidney disease, which increased the risk of loss under thepolicy.
Plea 11 was to the same effect, except it did not aver that the alleged disease increased the risk of loss.
Embodied in the policy contract, among others, were the following provisions:
(1) "No obligation is assumed by the Company unless on the date and delivery hereof the insured is alive and in sound health," etc.
(2) "This policy shall be incontestable from date of issue except for non-payment of premiums, actual and intended fraud, or for engaging in military or naval service in time of war, without permission from the Company," etc.
(3) "All the conditions and agreements contained on this, the preceding and succeeding pages hereof, constitute the entire contract between the Company and the insured and the holder or claimant thereof," etc.
The application for the issuance of the policy was not made a part of the policy by being incorporated therein or attached thereto; and the last-quoted stipulation, 3, excludes the idea that any writing not embodied in, indorsed on, or attached to, the policy and made a part thereof, shall be considered a part thereof; and this is the clear effect of the statute, Code 1923, § 8371, as interpreted in Manhattan Life Insurance Co. v. Verneuille,
This statute was carried forward into the Code of 1907, without change, except the penal provisions were embraced in the Criminal Code as section 7188, and the other provisions in the Civil Code as section 4579; and thereafter, in Empire Life Insurance Co. v. Gee,
"These constructions — and we adhere to them — make the policy, including documents adopted by reference and attached, the sole expositor of the contract between the parties. * * * The insurer may not therefore sustain a plea that the insured has breached the contract by giving in evidence the warranties of an application for the policy, not incorporated in the body of the *504 policy, or not so attached as to serve the purpose of the statute."
Since this decision, the statute has been brought forward into the Code of 1923 as section 8371 without change, with the effect of adopting this interpretation as its true meaning. Barnewall v. Murrell,
In a more recent case, Sovereign Camp W. O. W. v. Hutchinson,
The expression found in the opinion of the Court of Appeals in the case of Penn Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. Cobbs,
An application for the issuance of a policy of insurance, signed by the insured, containing representations as to the health of the insured, may be received as evidence of such representations in support of a plea of fraud and deceit, though the application is not embodied in, nor made a part of, the contract (Reliance Life Ins. Co. v. Sneed,
The defendant's pleas 10 and 11 are rested upon the warranty of "sound health" embodied in the policy contract. Reliance Life Ins. Co. v. Sneed,
Appellee's contention that the defense asserted in these pleas is unavailing to the defendant because of the incontestable clause is without merit, in the absence of a replication pleading the incontestable clause as an answer to the pleas.
The diseases pleaded in these pleas as a breach of the alleged warranty not being as a matter of common knowledge, such as would increase the risk, to sustain the plea the defendant had the burden of showing that the insured was afflicted with the alleged diseases; that they were serious, and such as affected the general soundness of his health. National Life Accident Ins. Co. v. Bridgeforth (Ala. Sup.)
The term "disease" means more than a temporary disorder; it denotes a serious illness, which has impaired the constitution or left in its wake some organic or chronic effect undermining the general health. Joyce on Insurance, § 1848; Logan v. Providence Savings Life Assurance Society,
"High blood pressure," like vertigo, is more of a symptom than a disease. Mutual Benefit Life Ins. Co. v. Daviess' Ex'r,
And, likewise, that one who has "kidney trouble" from temporary ailments or causes is not necessarily affected with a "kidney disease." Hogan v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co.,
The evidence made the case one for the jury as to whether the insured's ailments were serious diseases affecting his general health, and charges 27, 28, and 29 were refused without error.
The hypothetical question, made the basis for assignment of error 11, was put to the defendant's witness Dr. Walker on cross-examination, and, while the hypothetical facts were not then in evidence, the testimony subsequently introduced by the plaintiff in rebuttal clearly tended to sustain the hypothetical case, and, if it be conceded that *505 it was error to overrule the objection to the question, it was clearly error without injury.
The evidence is without dispute that the policy of insurance was issued on October 24, 1927, and appellant insists, if we understand its contention, that the doctor's certificate attached to, and made a part of, the proof of death is conclusive against the plaintiff that the insured was afflicted with the disease of which he died on June 4, 1928, at the time the policy was issued. Conceding that this certificate is evidence under the holding in Cotton States Life Ins. Co. v. Crozier,
There is nothing in this certificate to indicate when the disease of which the insured died first developed, and the statements therein are clear to the conclusion that he was not so afflicted in the spring of 1927. National Life Accident Ins. Co. v. Puckett,
The appellant's contention that the court erred in overruling its motion for new trial is rested largely upon the testimony of Dr. Walker given in his examination in chief, going to show that, when he was called to treat the insured in the spring of 1927, he was then afflicted with myocarditis — an inflammation of the fleshy or muscular substance of the heart, had albumen in his blood, a symptom of Bright's disease, nephritis — and that at that time his heart was hypertrophied, excessively developed.
But this testimony is contradicted, not only by the certificate of Dr. Walker, attached to and made a part of the proof of death, but by his cross-examination, and the rebuttal testimony as to the physical condition of the insured after Dr. Walker's treatment, and insured's activities in the prosecution of his business.
We are not able to affirm that the verdict of the jury is contrary to the great weight of the evidence, and therefore that the court erred in overruling the motion for new trial. Cobb v. Malone,
The record is free from reversible error.
Affirmed.
ANDERSON, C. J., and SAYRE and THOMAS, JJ., concur.
Addendum
Assuming the correctness of appellant's contention that pleas 3, 4, and 9 are pleas of fraud, and not pleas of breach of warranty, the issues presented by these pleas were fully given to the jury in the oral charge of the court, and in given charges 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21, and reversible error was not committed in refusing charges 8 to 33, referred to in the foregoing opinion.
It results that the application for rehearing is therefore overruled.
ANDERSON, C. J., and SAYRE and THOMAS, JJ., concur.
